Potential use of Spirulina sp. as fish feed : A mini review
Abstract
Spirulina sp. is one of the microalgae that is used as natural food for fish seeds or larvae. Spirulina sp. contains 60–71% protein, 8% fat, 16% carbohydrates, and vitamins as well as 1.6% Chlorophyll- a, 18% Phycocyanin, 17% β-Carotene, and 20–30% γ-linoleaic acid from total fatty acids. Cultivation of Spirulina sp. can be done using organic media and inorganic media. The types of inorganic media that can be used are Urea, TSP, Zarrouk, Conwy and Walne, while the organic media that can be used are vermicompost, quail droppings, guano, liquid waste from banana stems, coconut husks, canna plants, fermented Azolla pinnata , and bioslurry . The cultivated Spirulina can be used as fish feed in either fresh or dried form. Several research results show that giving Spirulina sp. flour had a significant effect (P<0.05) on the growth and brightness of fish color with additional concentrations in the range of 1.2-10 grams/100 grams of feed
Full Text:
PDFReferences
AlFadhly, Nawal KZ et al . 2022. Tendencies Affecting the Growth and Cultivation of the Genus Spirulina: An Investigative Review on Current Trends. Plants 11(22): 1–21.
Ambarwati, Diyah Putri, Ervia Yudiati, Endang Supriyantini, and Lilik Maslukah. 2018. Growth Patterns, Biomass and Crude Protein Content of Mass-Scale Costatum Skeletonema Cultures with Different Potassium Nitrate Concentrations. Marina Oceanographic Bulletin 7(2): 75.
Amin, Fajlan, SAE Rahimi, and Siska Mellisa. 2019. Effect of Adding Spirulina to Feed on Color Intensity of Mickey Mouse Platy Fish ( Xiphophorus Maculatus ). Unsyiah Maritime and Fisheries Student Scientific Journal 4(3): 152–60.
Anwar, Anwar, Agus Kurnia, and Indriyani Nur. 2021. Addition of Spirulina Flour in Feed on Color Performance of Comet Ornamental Fish ( Carassius Auratus ). Journal of Aquatic Media 6(1): 1.
Apri, Luffi Yuanda Gusti. 2015. Giving different doses of urea fertilizer to the protein content of Spirulina sp. : 1–87.
Ardiansyah, Lestari Vega; Sari Suci Puspita; Kurniawan. 2019. On Feed to Increase Color Brightness of Goldfish Carassius Auratus . Journal of Aquatropica Asia p-issn 4: 10–15.
Arrosyd, Muhammad Azam, Gunawan Widi Santosa, and Hadi Endrawati. 2024. Growth Rate and Phycocyanin Content of Spirulina sp. At Different Urea Concentrations. 13(1): 100–106.
Atta, Madiha, Ani Idris, Ataullah Bukhari, and Suzana Wahidin. 2014. Intensity of Blue LED Light: A Potential Stimulus for Biomass and Lipid Content in Fresh Water Microalgae Chlorella Vulgaris . Bioresource Technology 148: 373–78.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2013.08.162.
Batista, Ana Paula et al. 2019. Microalgae as Functional Ingredients in Savory Food Products: Application to Wheat Crackers. Foods 8(12).
Bezerra, PQM et al. 2020. Spirulina Sp. LEB 18 Cultivation in Seawater and Reduced Nutrients: Bioprocess Strategy for Increasing Carbohydrates in Biomass. Bioresource Technology 316(June): 123883. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123883.
Budiono, Ruly, Hafizan Juahir, and Mustafa Mamat. 2018. Modeling the Interaction of CO 2 Concentration and the Algae Biomass Due to Reduction of Anthropogenic Carbon Based on the Predator-Prey Model. International Journal of Applied Environmental Sciences 13(1): 27–38.
Cuaresma, María, Marcel Janssen, Carlos Vílchez, and René H. Wijffels. 2011. Horizontal or Vertical Photobioreactors? How to Improve Microalgae Photosynthetic Efficiency. Bioresource Technology 102(8): 5129–37.
Delrue, Florian et al. 2017. Optimization of Arthrospira Platensis (Spirulina) Growth: From Laboratory Scale to Pilot Scale. Fermentation 3(4).
Devita, Ilmua, Isnaini, and Gusti Diansyah. 2018. Cultivation of Chaetoceros sp. Microalgae. and Spirulina sp. For Biodiesel Potential. Maspari Journal 10(2): 123–30.
Dziosa, Karolina, and Monika Makowska. 2016. Monitoring of Chlorella sp. Growth Based. Problemy Exploatacji : 197–206.
Faizi, Moammar, Zainuddin, and Tandipayuk Haryati. 2023. The Effect of Various Doses of Vitamin B Complex on the Specific Weight Growth Rate of White Snapper ( Lates Calcarifer ) Larvae. Journal of Aquaculture Studies and Development 1(1): 31–36.
Hariyati, Riche. 2012. Growth and Biomass of Spirulina Sp on a Laboratory Scale. Biomes: Biological Scientific Periodicals 10(1): 19.
Hidayah, Nurul. 2017. Optimization of Spirulina Feeding on the Growth and Survival of Tilapia Fish ( Orhecromis Nilaticus ) Seeds. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 6(11): 951–952.
Hulu, Filbert Ivan, Bambang Hendra Siswoyo, and Emmy Syafitri. 2023. Use of quail droppings and organic guano fertilizer on the population and cell density of Spirulina sp. Aquaculture Indonesia 3(1): 52–63.
Ismail, Afriyanti, Nursanti Abdullah, and Fatma Muchdar. 2020. The Effect of Using Spirulina sp Flour in Feed on the Brightness of the Color of Ambon Betok Fish ( Chrysiptera cyanea ). Hemyscyllium 1(1): 23–34.
Jelizanur, Padil, and Sri Rezeki Muria. 2019. Microalgae Cultivation Using AF6 Media at Various PH. Jom FTEKNIK 6(2): 1–5.
Juneja, Ankita, Ruben Michael Ceballos, and Ganti S. Murthy. 2013. Effects of Environmental Factors and Nutrient Availability on the Biochemical Composition of Algae for Biofuels Production: A Review. Energies 6(9): 4607–38.
Jung, Conrad HG et al. 2021. Morphology and Growth of Arthrospira Platensis during Cultivation in a Flat-Type Bioreactor. Life 11(6).
Krisnati Dewi, Ni Putu Ayustin, I Wayan Arthana, and Gde Raka Angga Kartika. 2022. Death Patterns of Tilapia Fish in the Nursery Process Using a Closed Recirculation System in Sebatu, Bali. Unram Fisheries Journal 12(3): 323–32.
Kusbandari, Aprilia, and Hari Susanti. 2017. Beta Carotene Content and Free Radical Scavenging Activity on DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl 2-Picrihydrazil) Cantaloupe Fruit Extract ( Cucumis Melo Var. Cantalupensis L) Using UV-VISIBLE Spectrophotometry. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Community 14(1): 37–42.
Lananan, Fathurrahman et al.. 2023. Effect of Conway Medium and f/2 Medium on the Growth of Six Genera of South China Sea Marine Microalgae. Bioresource Technology 141: 75–82.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2013.03.006.
Leksono, Anggra Wibowo, Dian Mutiara, and Anggraini Yusanti. 2017. Use of Fermented Liquid Organic Fertilizer from Azolla Pinnata on the Growth of Spirulina sp. Journal of Fisheries and Aquaculture Sciences 12(1): 56–65.
Mahardika, RG, I. Fadiyah, and W. Sunanda. 2022. Fatty Acid Profile of Spirulina sp. Cultivated in Bangka Seawater. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1108(1).
Mamun, Md Al et al. . 2023. Effects of Spirulina Platensis Meal as a Feed Additive on Growth Performance and Immunological Response of Gangetic Mystus Mystus Cavasius. Aquaculture Reports 30: 101553. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aqrep.2023.101553.
Maulana, GD, Y Risjani, and AM Taqiyyah. 2023. The Growth, Biomass and Phycocyanin of Spirulina Platensis Cultured with Liquid Organic (POC) and NPK Fertilizers The Growth, Biomass and Phycocyanin of Spirulina Platensis Cultured with Liquid Organic (POC) and NPK Fertilizers. IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1191: 1–8.
Mbarep Rosid, Muhammad, Indah Anggraini Yusanti, and Dian Mutiara. 2019. Growth Rate and Color Brightness of Comet Fish ( Carassius Auratus ) with the Addition of Spirulina sp Flour Concentration in the Feed. Journal of Fisheries and Aquaculture Sciences 14(1).
Mogale, Motlalekgomo. 2014. Identification and Quantification of Bacteria Associated with Cultivated Spirulina and Impact of Physiological Factors. : 184.
Mufidah, Afif, Agustono Agustono, Sudarno Sudarno, and Daruti Dinda Nindarwi. 2019. Chlorella Sp Culture Technique . Laboratory and Intermediate Scale at the Brackish Water Aquaculture Fisheries Center (BPBAP) Situbondo, East Java. Journal of Aquaculture and Fish Health 7(2).
Muhardi, Dwi I. Prayitno, and Warsidah. 2021. The Effect Of Pyrolitic Vinegar From Coconut Shield On Spirulina sp. Growth. Journal of Equatorial Oceans 4(2): 12–16.
Muliani, Muliani, Eva Ayuzar, and Muhammad Chairul Amri. 2018. Effect of Providing Fermented Vermicompost Fertilizer (Used Worms) at Different Doses in Spirulina sp. Acta Aquatica: Aquatic Sciences Journal 5(1): 30–35.
Mutia, Safira, Syahril Nedi, and Elizal Elizal. 2021. Effect of Nitrate and Phosphate Concentration on Spirulina Platensis With Indoor Scale. Asian Journal of Aquatic Sciences 4(1): 29–35.
Nafsihi, Nuron., Hudaidah, Siti., and Supono. 2016. Utilization of Spirulina sp Flour. To increase the brightness of the color of Sumatran fish ( Puntuus Tetrazona ). e-journal of aquaculture engineering and technology IV(2): 523–28.
Nayyef, Sura H., and Karkaz M. Thalij. 2020. The Antibacterial Activity of Spirulina Platensis Aqueous Extract and Chitosan Nanoparticles on Bacterial Isolates from Different Human Sources. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 928(6).
Nufus, Hayatun et al . 2017. Analysis of Chlorophyll-A Distribution and Water Quality in the Krueng Raba Lhoknga River, Aceh Besar. Unsyiah Maritime and Fisheries Student Scientific Journal 2(1): 58–65.
Palupi, Septi Diah. 2016. Addition of Spirulina sp Flour. In feed to increase color intensity and growth of Nemo fish seeds ( Amphiprion percula ) which are kept semi-outdoor. Thesis 66: 37–39.
Piu, Nur Jihan Fareranty, Yuniarti Koniyo, and Syamsuddin. 2011. Addition of Tofu Liquid Waste to Walne Media for the Growth of Spirulina sp. 1(1): 1–7.
Rachimi, Eka Indah Raharjo, and Alem. 2016. The Effect of Giving Different Natural Feeds on the Growth and Survival of Monkfish ( Helostoma Temmincki ) Larvae. 4(2016): 47–54.
Rahman, Ardiansah Khoirur, Pinandoyo Pinandoyo, Sri Hastuti, and Dewi Nurhayati. 2021. Effect of Spirulina sp Flour. On Feeding on Color Performance of Goldfish ( Carassius Auratus ). Tropical Aquaculture Science 5(2): 116–27.
Razi, Fakhrur, Hendry Yanto, and Farida. 2023. Effect of Adding Spirulina Platensis Flour in Feed on the Growth of Maru Fish ( Channa Maruioides ). Borneo Aquatics 5 (November): 59–68.
Ridlo, Ali, Sri Sedjati, and Endang Supriyantini. 2016. Anti-oxidant activity of phycocyanin from Spirulina sp. Using the Electron Transfer Method with DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl-2-Picrylhydrazyl). Journal of Tropical Oceanography 18(2): 58–63.
Risamasu, FJL, and Hanif Budi. 2011. Study of Phosphate, Nitrite, Nitrate and Silicate Nutrients in the Waters of the Matasiri Islands, South Kalimantan. Journal of Marine Science 16(1): 135–42.
Robi, NH. 2014. Utilization of Green Tacang Bean Sprouts ( Phaseolus Radiatus ) Extract as Fertilizer to Increase the Population of Spirulina Sp. Undergraduate Thesis in Aquaculture : 1–82.
Rubiyah et al.. 2023. Application of Liquid Organic Fertilizer from Forest Banana Stem Waste ( Musa Acuminate ) and Coconut Fiber as a Culture Media for Spirulina Platensis . Acta Aquatica: Aquatic Sciences Journal 3(0645): 235–42.
Rybner, TV 2016. Improving the Biomass Productivity and Phycocyanin Concentration by Mixotrophic Cultivation of Arthrospira Platensis. (June): 7–16, 34–36, 57.
http://projekter.aau.dk/projekter/files/239496233/M.sc.thesis.2016.Tobias.Rybner._.pdf.
Saif, AHA 2017. Indoor and Outdoor Culture of Spirulina ( Arthrospira Platensis ) Grown in Different Salinity in Sultanate of Oman. Master's Thesis, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia .
Setiawan Yeni Andriyani, Angga Prawira Kautsar. 2018. Review Article: Improving the Quality of Health Services on Patient Satisfaction Using the PDCA Method. Pharmaca 16(3): 244–53.
Simanjuntak, Mandalica, Rinawati Siregar, and Citra Wanna. 2017. Study of the Effect of Several Types of Feed on the Growth and Survival of Tilapia ( Oreochromis Niloticus ). Scientific Journal of Ocean Aquatics 1(2): 11–15. https://ejurnalunsam.id/index.php/jisa/article/view/378.
Soni, Ruma Arora, K. Sudhakar, and RS Rana. 2017. Spirulina – From Growth to Nutritional Product: A Review. Trends in Food Science and Technology 69: 157–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2017.09.010.
Steinman, Alan D et al. 2015. Functional Responses Associated with Growth Form in Stream Algae. Chicago Journals 11(2): 229–43.
Subamia, I. Wayan, Nina Meilisza, and L. Karunia Mara. 2020. Improving the Color Quality of Red Rainbow Fish ( Glossolepis Incisus , Weber 1907) Through Enriching Carotenoid Sources of Shrimp Head Meal in Feed. Indonesian Journal of Ichthyology 10(1): 1–9.
Suherman, Sutianto Pratama, Bunajir Bunajir, Hasim Hasim, and Sulastri Arsad. 2022. Protein Content of Spirulina sp. Cultured Using a Combination of Urea and TSP Fertilizers. Journal of Aquaculture and Fish Health 11(2): 269–76.
Suminto. 2019. Use of Technical Culture Media on the Production and Nutrient Content of Spirulina Platensis Cells . Using of Technical Culture Media on The Production and Nutrition Contents of Spirulina Platensis Cells . Journal of Fisheries Science 4(2): 53–61.
Tambunan, Ayu Lestari, Is Yuniar, and Iis Trisyani. 2022. Growth Culture of Microalgae Spirulina sp. In Acid, Neutral, and Alkaline Media on Laboratory Scale. Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences 4(1): 28–37.
Widawati, Dieng, Gunawan Widi Santosa, and Ervia Yudiati. 2022. Effect of Spirulina Platensis Growth on Pigment Content of Different Salinities. Journal of Marine Research 11(1): 61–70.
Wijihastuti, Risa Swandari, Akifah Luthfiyah, and Nita Noriko. 2020. Effect of Growth of Spirulina sp. Against the Use of Liquid Organic Fertilizer as a Growing Media. Al-Azhar Indonesia Journal Science and Technology Series 5(4): 202–7.
Zhang, Lanlan et al . 2015. Attached Cultivation for Improving the Biomass Productivity of Spirulina Platensis . Bioresource Technology 181: 136–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2015.01.025.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.13170/ajas.9.3.38542
Article Metrics
Abstract view : 0 timesPDF - 0 times
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
DETAIL VISITORS STATISTIC COUNTER CLICK HERE
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution - 4.0 International Public License (CC - BY 4.0).