The Assessment of Complete Bleeding on Laying Hens Carcasses ( Gallus gallus ) Sold in Traditional Markets in Banda Aceh

The complete bleeding in slaughtering animals is closely related to the halalness of the meat. This study aims to describe the completeness of blood drains in discarded laying hens carcasses sold at traditional markets in Banda Aceh City. The research samples were nine chicken carcasses bought from three traditional markets, i


Background
The increase in egg industries has resulted in an increase in discarded laying hens that have reached the end of optimum production. These chickens are usually 18 to 20 months old and weigh about 2 kg to 2.5 kg. Once the egg production stage ends, they are ready to be discarded (can number in tens of thousands per production cycle). As a result, if not all of them are sold and switched as source of meats, the cost of feed and maintenance can be a considerable burden to the farmers since they are no longer profitable (Kenedi et al., 2020).
Discarded laying hens still have economic value for breeders or producers when distributed to traditional markets. At certain times, many culled laying hens are sold in traditional markets in Banda Aceh. The selling pattern of discarded laying hens in Banda Aceh is the same as that of other broilers. Generally, chicken meat, both broilers and discarded laying hens, is sold in the form of carcasses after being slaughtered at poultry abattoirs.
Before slaughtering, the chicken must be healthy and rested for 12-24 hours. Rest time aims to minimize stress so perfect bleeding can be achieved when slaughtered (Yana et al., 2017). Discardes laying hens are usually more stress-sensitive than broiler chickens because they are harvested at a relatively older age. Stress on spent laying hens can affect the level of perfection of bleeding. According to Azhari (2012), stress can lead to fatigue, so if slaughter is carried out when the chicken is exhausted, it will be difficult for the heart to pump blood, resulting in the blood is not drained completely.

Materials and Method
This study used a cross-sectional study method. The sampling was conducted at the Peunayong, Ule Kareng, and Seutui traditional markets in Banda Aceh. The sample examination was conducted at the Veterinary Public Health Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Darussalam, Banda Aceh.
The examination procedure was carried out by making meat extract by cutting 6 grams of meat into small pieces and putting it into 14 ml of distilled water in an Erlenmeyer tube. The mixture was rested for 15 minutes, then filter the extract, and take 0.7 ml of filtrate, and put in a test tube. Into the test tube, put one drop of malachite green and one drop of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) 3%. Then leave it for 20 minutes at room temperature. If the results are dark blue, then the blood in the carcass is drained perfectly. If the results turn green and cloudy, the bleeding may only partially be done.

Results and Discussion
The results of this study show that all samples underwent perfect bleeding during the slaughtering process. The perfect bleeding is marked by a change in malachite green to dark blue color. The results of the test can be seen in Table 1 below. Hb to bind oxygen because Hb has a higher affinity than malachite green so Hb will bind oxygen first. Incomplete bleeding can be seen when the mixed solution of meat extract, H2O2 3%, and malachite green turns green and cloudy, while the positive result  Based on the results, it can be seen that the slaughtering process in discarded laying hens has been appropriately conducted. Several factors, including adequate rest before slaughter, likely support this. The chickens were also healthy and did not experience stress during the slaughter period. The carcasses underwent complete bleeding after slaughtering and so ready to sell in the markets to customers. Generally, the slaughtering process of poultry in Banda Aceh traditional markets is carried out directly. After slaughtering, the chicken is placed in a vat (container) to wait for the bleeding to complete for about five minutes. The carcass is then put in a container filled with hot water, followed by the hair removal process using a hair removal machine (Delvita, 2013). After that, the carcass is washed and displayed on the racks. The discarded laying hens sold in the Banda Aceh traditional markets mainly originated from North Sumatra province. Therefore, after long transportation, the chickens should rest for up to 2 days to avoid stress.
Slaughtering procedures at traditional markets in Banda Aceh, especially conducted in the three chosen traditional markets in this research, have followed Islamic law's provisions and rules. In Islamic law, the slaughtering should be done by an adult Muslim at least over 18 years old, physically and mentally healthy, and understands slaughter procedures according to Islamic rules. They should use sharp equipment to make sure the procedure is done as quickly as possible in a single cut of the throat. The animals should also be properly restrained and face the city of Mecca (the Qibla) while praising God (reciting Basmallah) (Indriati et al., 2021).
The consumption level of chicken meat from discarded laying hens is increasing in Banda Aceh. The meat can also be processed into a variety of menus. For instance, it can be the main ingredient in making chicken meatballs (Hanifah et al., 2020). The nutritional contents are as good as broiler chicken meat, consisting of 22.93% protein and 1.49% fat (Marwansyah et al., 2019).
This study also used questionnaires to collect people's perspectives towards discarded laying hens. The correspondents were ten housewives that being interviewed while they were buying the chickens. The results (shown in Table 2) showed that 7 out of 10 housewives stated that compared to broiler chicken, the discarded laying hen was preferable. Generally, the price is usually lower, and the meat is more textured and not easily overcooked. It is also more in protein content with less fat. (Mardhika et al., 2020). Do not like housewives 5 Do not like housewives 6 like housewives 7 Do not like housewives 8 like housewives 9 like housewives 10 like Imperfect bleeding in slaughtered chickens can be caused by a lack of rest and excessive stress on the chickens. If the blood does not come out completely, then the decomposition process will occur quickly and result in a decrease in the quality of the meat. This can happen because blood is a good medium for the development and growth of microorganisms (Ulfa et al., 2019).

Conclusion
Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the slaughtering process of discarded laying hens originating from traditional markets in Banda Aceh has followed the standards of the Islamic slaughtering procedure. This is due to the fact the meat samples were completely blood drained. And so, this type of animal source of protein was considered halal to consume.