TINJAUAN FUNGSI KOGNITIF PADA LANSIA HIPERTENSI DI KOTA BANDA ACEH

Abstract

Hipertensi merupakan penyebab utama kematian ke-3 setelah stroke dan tuberkulosis. Gangguan fungsi kognitif merupakan gangguan proses mental yang terjadi dalam memperoleh pengetahuan atau kemampuan serta kecerdasan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk  mengetahui  gambaran fungsi kognitif pada lansia dengan hipertensi di kota Banda Aceh. Desain penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif dengan jumlah sampel 120 lansia dan teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling. Alat pengumpulan data yang digunakan berupa kuesioner MMSE. Waktu pengumpulan data dilakukan pada tanggal 03-25 Oktober 2018. Teknik pengambilan data menggunakan metode wawancara. Hasil analisa univariat didapatkan gangguan kerusakan kognitif sebanyak 38 orang (31,7%), kemungkinan gangguan kognitif sebanyak 21 orang (17,5%), dan fungsi kognitif baik sebanyak 61 orang (50,8%). Kesimpulan: lansia dengan hipertensi yang berada di Kota Banda Aceh sebagian besar memiliki fungsi kognitif yang baik. Direkomendasikan  kepada pihak pembuat kebijakan di puskesmas agar melakukan program kegiatan penatalaksanaan fungsi kognitif seperti melakukan aktivitas fisik lansia dengan cara olahraga secara teratur, dan melakukan stimulasi mental, serta melakukan kegiatan aktivitas sosial seperti kegiatan interaksi dengan orang lain di sekitar lansia dan aktivitas keagamaan.

Kata kunci: Lansia, Fungsi Kognitif, Hipertensi.

ABSTRACT

Hypertension is one of the main causes of cardiovascular diseases. Moreover it is the third dead cause after stroke and tuberculosis. The cognitive function disorder is the mental process in attaining knowledge, ability, and intelligence which cover the way of thinking, memorization, understanding, planning, and implementation. The aim of this research is to find out the cognitive function disorder on the senior citizens with hypertension in Banda Aceh Municipality. The research design of this research is a descriptive research using 120 samples of senior citizens and the sampling technique used is purposive sampling. The data collection technique used in this research is MMSE questionnaire. The data were collected from October 3, 2018 to October 25, 2018. The other technique of data collection used was interview method. The univariat result analysis reveals that there are 38 (31.7%) gets the cognitive disorder, 21(17.5%) people possibly attains cognitive disorder, and 61 people (50.8%) get cognitive function disorder. The conclusion of this research shows that most of the senior citizens with hypertension in Banda Aceh Municipality have good cognitive function. Then decision makers who are in charge in this Community Health Centre in the Municipality are recommended to develop the cognitive function management activity program like doing physical activity for the senior citizens such as doing exercise regularly, doing mental stimulation like making hand-crafting, playing crossword puzzle, and discussion. It is also suggested to the senior citizens to do social activity like having interaction with other people and involving in religious activity.

Keywords: Senior Citizens, Cognitive Function, Hypertension.