EFEKTIVITAS EDUKASI MITIGASI BENCANA TERHADAP KESIAPSIAGAAN BENCANA GEMPA BUMI DAN TSUNAMI PADA KELUARGA PASIEN DI RUMAH SAKIT

Abstract

Bencana adalah serangkaian peristiwa yang dapat mengancam jiwa serta mengganggu kehidupan masyarakat. Efek bencana dapat dikurangi dengan pemberian edukasi mitigasi bencana yang dinilai sebagai bentuk dari antisipasi terhadap bencana. Antisipasi bencana dilakukan dengan peningkatan kesiapsiagaan bencana individu yang meliputi pengetahuan, rencana keadaan darurat, sistem peringatan bencana dan mobilisasi sumber daya. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui perbedaan tingkat kesiapsiagaan bencana sebelum dan sesudah edukasi mitigasi bencana. Jenis penelitian berupa quasi experiment dengan desain one group pre-test post-test. Teknik pengambilan sampel adalah proportional stratified random sampling dengan jumlah 45 responden. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan kuesioner baku dari LIPI-UNESCO/ISDR, 2006 dan beberapa item telah dimodifikasi oleh peneliti. Intervensi dalam penelitian ini adalah edukasi mitigasi bencana berdasarkan Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana.Analisa data menggunakan independent t-test. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa ada perbedaan tingkat kesiapsiagaan bencana sebelum dan setelah edukasi mitigasi bencana dengan p = 0,000 (α=0,05).Edukasi mitigasi bencana dinilai efektif terhadap kesiapsiagaan bencana gempa bumi dan tsunami pada keluarga pasien di rumah sakit. Direkomendasikan kepada petugas kesehatan agar dapat memnberikan edukasi mitigasi bencana di rumah sakit untuk peningkatan kesiapsiagaan bencana pada pengunjung rumah sakit terutama keluarga pasien.

Kata Kunci: Edukasi, Mitigasi, Kesiapsiagaan, Bencana, Keluarga Pasien, Rumah Sakit

ABSTRACT

Disasters are a series of events that can threaten life and disrupt people's lives. The impact of disasters can be reduced by providing disaster mitigation education which is considered as a form of anticipation of disasters. Disaster anticipation is carried out by increasing individual disaster preparedness which includes knowledge, emergency planning, disaster warning systems and resource mobilization. The purpose of the study was to determine the differences in the level of disaster preparedness before and after disaster mitigation education. This type of research is a quasi-experiment with the design of one group pre-test post-test. The sampling technique is proportional stratified random sampling with a total of 45 respondents. Data collection techniques were carried out using a standard questionnaire from LIPI-UNESCO/ISDR, 2006 and several items were modified by researchers. The intervention in this study was disaster mitigation education based on the National Disaster Management Agency (BNPB). Data was analyzed using independent t-test. The results showed that there were differences in the level of disaster preparedness before and after disaster mitigation education with p = 0,000 (α = 0.05). Disaster mitigation education is considered effective against earthquake and tsunami disaster preparedness for patients' families in hospitals. It is recommended to health workers to be able to provide disaster mitigation education in hospitals to increase disaster preparedness for visitors to hospitals, especially patients' families.

Keywords: Education, Mitigation, Preparedness, Disaster, Patient's Family, Hospital