Socio-Economic Factors Influencing HIV/AIDS Infections in the South African Youth

Rugiranka Tony Gaston

Abstract


Objective The HIV/AIDS is one of the diseases that is prevalent on the African continent and in southern African regions, particularly. South Africa is known as a country with socio-economic challenges that possibly contribute to the high rate of people living with HIV/AIDS experienced by the country. The objective of the current study is to investigate the effect of selected socio-economic factors on HIV infections among South African youth aged between 15 and 25 years old.Design/Methodology To achieve the study objective, the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach, bounds testing techniques, and error correction model were applied on the data sample spanning from 1980 to 2023.Results The findings indicate that, in the long-run, all selected explanatory variables have a significant effect on youth newly infected with HIV. However, in the short-run, only the lagged number of infected people and economic growth were found to have a significant impact on youth newly infected.Research limitations/implications Based on the results, it is imperative to improve financial conditions and create more job opportunities to reduce the number of youths newly infected with HIV owing to their penurious conditions.Novelty/Originality The distinction between short-run and long-run effects of socio-economic factors on HIV infections. This research highlights the critical role of economic conditions and job opportunities in reducing new HIV infections among young people.

Keywords


HIV/ADS; South African youth; Autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model

Full Text:

PDF

References


Adams, R. H., & Page, J. (2003). International migration, remittances, and poverty in developing countries (Vol. 3179). World Bank Publications.

Akullian, A., Vandormael, A., Miller, J. C., Bershteyn, A., Wenger, E., Cuadros, D. & Tanser, F. (2021). Large age shifts in HIV-1 incidence patterns in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 118(28), e2013164118.

Alfieri, A., Havinga, I., & Hvidsten, V. (2006, February). Issue paper: Definition of remittances. In Meeting of the United Nations technical subgroup on movement of persons–mode (Vol. 4).

Bandali, S., 2011. “Exchange of Sex for Resources: HIV Risk and Gender Norms in Cabo Delgado, Mozambique.” Culture, Health & Sexuality 13(5): 575-588.

Bidzha, M. L., Ngepah, N., & Greyling, T. (2024). The impact of antiretroviral treatment on the relationship between HIV/AIDS and economic growth. Economic Analysis and Policy, 81, 368-387.

Bleakley, H. (2010). Malaria eradication in the Americas: A retrospective analysis of childhood exposure. American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 2(2), 1–45.

Bloom, D. E., Kuhn, M., & Prettner, K. (2020). The contribution of female health to economic development. The Economic Journal (forthcoming).

Bloom, D.E., Canning, D., Kotschy, R., Prettner, K., Schünemann, J.J., 2019. Health and Economic Growth: Reconciling the Micro and Macro Evidence. National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Working Paper No.26003.

Bonnel, R. (2000). HIV/AIDS: Does it increase or decrease growth in Africa? World Development, 68(5), 1–25.

Boutayeb, A. (2010). The impact of infectious diseases on the development of Africa. Handbook of disease burdens and quality of life measures, 1171.

Dauda, R. S., & Olaniyan, O. (2017). Macroeconomic impact of HIV/AIDS in Nigeria: Error correction modeling (ECM) approach. Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, 4(4), 31–48.

Engle RF, Granger CWJ (1987) Co-integration and error correction: representation, estimation, and testing. Econometrica 55(2):251–276 https://doi.org/10.2307/1913236

Gelb, S., Kalantaryan, S., McMahon, S., & Perez-Fernandez, M. (2021). Diaspora finance for development: from remittances to investment. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union.

Habanabakize, T. (2021). Testing Asymmetric Cointegration between Real Wage, Labour Productivity and Job Opportunity in South Africa. Acta Universitatis Danubius. Œconomica, 17(1), 177-191.

Habanabakize, T. 2024. Impacts of Technology, 4IR and Innovation on Job Opportunities in the Manufacturing Sector: South Africa’s Case. Acta Universitatis Danubius. Œconomica 20 (3), 231-252.

Johansen S, Juselius K (1990) Maximum likelihood estimation and inference on Cointegration—with applications to the demand for Money. Oxf Bull Econ Stat 52(2):169–210 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0084.1990.mp52002003.x.

Koch, S. F., & Thsehla, E. (2022). The impact of diabetes on labour market outcomes. Development Southern Africa, 39(3), 424-456.

Leung Soo, C., Pant Pai, N., Bartlett, S. J., Esmail, A., Dheda, K., & Bhatnagar, S. (2023). Socioeconomic factors impact the risk of HIV acquisition in the township population of South Africa: A Bayesian analysis. PLOS Global Public Health, 3(1), e0001502.

Mabaso, M., Sokhela, Z., Mohlabane, N., Chibi, B., Zuma, K., & Simbayi, L. (2018). Determinants of HIV infection among adolescent girls and young women aged 15–24 years in South Africa: a 2012 population-based national household survey. BMC public health, 18, 1-7.

Majam, M., Conserve, D. F., Zishiri, V., Haile, Z. T., Tembo, A., Phiri, J. & Venter, F. (2021). Implementation of different HIV self-testing models with implications for HIV testing services during the COVID-19 pandemic: study protocol for secondary data analysis of the STAR Initiative in South Africa. BMJ open, 11(5): 1-6.

Mohammed, U., & Karagöl, E. T. (2023). Remittances, institutional quality and investment in Sub-Saharan Africa. Journal of Business and Socio-economic Development, 3(4), 322-338.

Mojola, S. A. 2014. Love, Money, and HIV: Becoming a Modern African Woman in the Age of AIDS. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

Njau, B., Damian, D. J., Abdullahi, L., Boulle, A., & Mathews, C. (2021). The effects of HIV self-testing on the uptake of HIV testing, linkage to antiretroviral treatment and social harms among adults in Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PloS one, 16(1), e0245498.

Ohrnberger, J., & Hauck, K. (2022). The Economics of HIV and Individual Productivity. In Handbook of Labor, Human Resources and Population Economics (pp. 1-19). Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Pesaran M.H. and Shin Y. (1998), “An autoregressive distributed-lag modelling approach to cointegration Analysis”, Econometric Society Monographs, Vol. 31, pp.371–413.

Pesaran MH, Shin Y, Smith RJ (2001), “Bounds testing approaches to the analysis of level relationships”, J Appl Econ 16(3):289–326. https://doi.org/10.1002/jae.616.

Pitpitan, E.V.; Smith, L.R.; Goodman-Meza, D.; Torres, K.; Semple, S.J.; Strathdee, S.A.; Patterson, T.L. 2016.“Outness” as a moderator of the association between syndemic conditions and HIV risk-taking behaviour among men who have sex with men in Tijuana, Mexico. AIDS Behav. 2016, 20, 431–438.

Roomaney, R. A., van Wyk, B., & Pillay-van Wyk, V. (2022). Aging with HIV: increased risk of HIV comorbidities in older adults. International journal of environmental research and public health, 19(4), 2359.

Statistics South Africa (Stats SA). 2024. Mid-year population estimates. https://www.statssa.gov.za/?p=17440.

Stoebenau, K., Heise,L., Wamoyi,J., & Natalia Bobrova. 2016. Revisiting the Understanding of “Transactional Sex” in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Review and Synthesis of the Literature.”Social Science & Medicine 168: 186-197.

Tile, A., Lihawa, R. M., Sesabo, J. K., Utouh, H. M., & Rwechumgura, F. A. (2023). Does HIV/AIDS Prevalence Affect Labour Force Participation in Eastern African Countries? A Two-Stage Least Squares Approach. Global Social Welfare, 1-11.

United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS). 2022. In Danger: UNAIDS Global AIDS Update 2022. Available online at: https://www.unaids.org/en/resources/documents/2022/in-danger-global-aids-update.

United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS). 2024a. Global HIV & AIDS statistics — Fact sheet. Available online at: https://www.unaids.org/en/resources/fact-sheet.

United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS). 2024b. The urgency of now: AIDS at a crossroads. Geneva: Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS; 2024. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. AIDS AT A CROSSROADS.

World Health Organization (WHO) (2015). HIV/AIDS - WHO Fact sheet. WHO website (Vol. 360).

World Health Organization (WHO). (2024). HIV and AIDS - Key facts. Available online at: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hiv-aids.

Zungu-Dirwayi, N., Shisana, O., Louw, J., & Dana, P. (2007). Social determinants for HIV prevalence among South African educators. AIDS Care, 19(10), 1296–1303. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540120701402871.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.24815/jaroe.v8i2.44749

Article Metrics

Abstract view : 0 times
PDF - 0 times

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Published by:

Department of Accounting
Faculty of Economics and Business 
Universitas Syiah Kuala
Kopelma Darussalam, Banda Aceh, Indonesia - 23111
E-ISSN: 2621-1041

 

Creative Commons License
Journal of Accounting Research, Organization and Economics by the Department of Accounting, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Syiah Kuala is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at http://www.jurnal.usk.ac.id/JAROE/index.