Effect of carbonized temperature to supercapacitor electrode from palm midrib biomass
Abstract
Abstrak. Elektroda merupakan salah satu komponen yang dapat meningkatkan kinerja sel superkapasitor. Pada penelitian ini elektroda karbon berasal dari limbah biomassa pelepah nipah. Persiapan awal dimulai dari proses prakarbonisasi pada suhu 200˚C dan selanjutnya diaktivasi secara kimia menggunakan KOH sebagai aktivator dengan konsentrasi 1M. Serbuk karbon aktif diubah menjadi bentuk monolit menggunakan Hydrolic press dan kemudian diikuti oleh proses karbonisasi pada suhu 650, 700 dan 750˚C, kemudian diaktivasi fisika dengan mengalirkan gas CO2 pada suhu 900˚C. Karakterisasi sifat fisis elektroda karbon menunjukkan bahwa densitas sampel PN650 yang dikarbonisasi pada suhu 650˚C memiliki nilai densitas paling rendah. Karakterisasi struktur mikro menunjukkan bahwa elektroda karbon memiliki struktur semikristalin yang ditandai dengan kehadiran puncak (002) dan (100) pada sudut 2θ sekitar 24˚ dan 43˚. Hasil karakterisasi struktur mikro juga menunjukkan bahwa sampel PN650 memiliki nilai Lc tertinggi yaitu sebesar 7,947 nm. Analisa sifat elektrokimia menunjukkan bahwa sampel PN650 mempunyai nilai kapasitansi terbesar yaitu 223,55 F/g. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa suhu 650˚C merupakan suhu terbaik dalam proses pembuatan elektroda karbon dari pelepah nipah untuk diaplikasikan sebagai elektroda sel superkapasitor.
Abstract. The electrode is one of the components that can increase the supercapacitor cell performance. In this research, the carbon electrode derives from waste of palm midrib biomass. Initial preparation was started from the pre carbonization process at 200˚C and then was chemically activated using KOH as an activator with a concentration of 1M. The activated carbon powder was converted into a monolith form using a hydraulic press and then was followed by carbonization process at 650, 700 and 750˚C, then physical activation by flowing CO2 at 900˚C. Characterization of the physical properties of the carbon electrode showed that the density of the PN650 sample carbonized at 650°C had the lowest density value. Microstructure characterization indicated that the carbon electrode had a semi crystalline structure, it was characterized by the presence of peaks (002) and (100) at an angle of 2θ around 24˚ and 43˚. The results of the microstructure characterization also showed that the PN650 sample had the highest Lc value of 7.947 nm. Analysis of electrochemical properties showed that the PN650 sample had the largest capacitance value of 223.55 F/g. It can be concluded that 650˚C was the best temperature in the process of making carbon electrodes from palm leaf midrib to be applied as supercapacitor cell electrodes.
Keywords: Ketaping, Activated Carbon, Supercapacitor, Activator, Capacitance.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24815/jacps.v10i1.17926
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