The influence of activator types on the capacitance value of carbon electrodes from coconut shell

Heri Rahmat Suryadi, Irmawati Amir, Rustan Ruslan, Nur Afrianah, Al Irsyad, Jasruddin Jasruddin, Abdul Haris

Abstract


Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik karbon aktif dalam aplikasi elektroda karbon dari tempurung kelapa serta pengaruh jenis dari aktivator yang digunakan terhadap kapasitansi elektroda karbon dari tempurung kelapa. Karbon yang telah diperoleh dari tempurung kelapa diproses hingga mencapai ukuran 300 mesh. Karbon tersebut kemudian diaktivasi dengan beberapa aktivator seperti HCl, NaOH dan K2CO3 dengan perbandingan 1:1. Karbon yang telah diaktivasi selanjutnya dikeringkan dengan oven kemudian dilakukan pencucian hingga netral. Karbon aktif kemudian dipelet menjadi elektroda dalam tekanan 8 ton lalu selanjutnya dilakukan pengukuran dimensi dan densitas serta pengujian Cyclic Voltametry. Hasil pengukuran dimensi diperoleh nilai densitas dari CSC, AC1, AC2 dan AC3 masing-masing 0,794 g/cm3, 0,610 g/cm3, 0,649 g/cm3 dan 0,731 g/cm3. Selanjutnya hasil pengujian Cyclic Voltametry diperoleh data kapasitansi spesifik, energi spesifik dan daya spesifik. Nilai kapasitansi spesifik dari CSC, AC1, AC2 dan AC3 adalah masing-masing 0,361011 F/g, 0,33898 F/g, 3,38583 F/g dan 4,461538 F/g. Lalu nilai rapat energi dari CSC, AC1, AC2 dan AC3 adalah masing-masing 0,045126 Wh/kg, 0,042373 Wh/kg, 0,423228 Wh/kg dan 0,557692 Wh/kg. Kemudian nilai rapat daya dari CSC, AC1, AC2 dan AC3 adalah masing-masing 0,216606 W/kg, 0,196721 W/kg, 2,186441 W/kg dan 2,676923 W/kg.

 

Abstract. This study aims to determine the characteristics of activated carbon in the application of carbon electrodes from coconut shells and the influence of the type of activator used on the capacitance of carbon electrodes from the coconut shell. The carbon that has been obtained from the coconut shell is processed up to 300 mesh in size. The carbon is then activated with several activators such as HCl, NaOH and K2CO3 with a ratio of 1:1. Activated carbon is then dried in an oven then washed to neutral. Activated carbon is then pelleted into electrodes under a pressure of 8 tons, which is then tested by Cyclic Voltametry. Activated carbon is then pelleting be electrodes under a pressure of 8 tons and then measurements of dimensions & densities and done testing by Cyclic Voltammetry. Dimension measurement results obtained density values from CSC, AC1, AC2 and AC3 are 0,794 g/cm3, 0,610 g/cm3, 0,649 g/cm3 dan 0,731 g/cm3 respectively. Furthermore, the results of the Cyclic Voltametry test obtained data on specific capacitance, specific energy and specific power. Specific capacitance values of CSC, AC1, AC2 and AC3 are respectively 0.361011 F/g, 0.33898 F/g, 3.38583 F/g and 4.461538 F/g. Afterwards the energy density values of CSC, AC1, AC2 and AC3are respectively 0.045126 Wh/kg, 0.042373 Wh/kg, 0.423228 Wh/kg and 0.557692 Wh/kg. Then the power density values of CSC, AC1, AC2 and AC3are respectively 0.216606 W/kg, 0.203390 W/kg, 2.031496 W/kg and 2.676923 W/kg.


Keywords


Activated Carbon; Density; Energy density; Power density; Specific capacitance;

Full Text:

PDF

References


Arif, E. N., Taer, E., & Farma, R. (2014) Pembuatan dan karakterisasi sel superkapasitor menggunakan karbon aktif monolit dari kayu karet berdasarkan variasi konsentrasi HNO3. Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam 2(1): 49–55.

Bergna, D., Varila, T., Romar, H., & Lassi, U. (2018) Comparison of the properties of activated carbons produced in one-stage and two-stage processes. C. 4(3): 41.

BPS Indonesia. (2021) https://www.bps.go.id/publication/2020/04/29/e9011b3155d45d70823c141f/statistik-indonesia-2020.html

Chen, X., Liu, X., Liu, Y., Zhu, Y., Zhuang, G., Zheng, W., Cai, Z., et al. (2018) Advanced binder-free electrodes based on CoMn2O4@Co3O4 core/shell nanostructures for high-performance supercapacitors. RSC Advances. 8(55): 31594–31602.

Demiral, H., Demiral, I., Karabacakoĝlu, B., & Tümsek, F. (2011) Production of activated carbon from olive bagasse by physical activation. Chemical Engineering Research and Design. 89(2): 206–213.

Farma, R., Deraman, M., Awitdrus, Talib, I. A., Omar, R., Manjunatha, J. G., Ishak, M. M., et al. (2013) Physical and electrochemical properties of supercapacitor electrodes derived from carbon nanotube and biomass carbon. International Journal of Electrochemical Science. 8(1): 257–273.

Gomaa, E. A., Morsi, M. A., Negm, A. E., & Sherif, Y. A. (2017) Cyclic voltammetry of bulk and nano manganese sulfate with doxorubicin using glassy carbon electrode. International Journal of Nano Dimension. 8(1): 89–96.

Horax, K. M., Bao, S., Wang, M., & Li, Y. (2017) Analysis of graphene-like activated carbon derived from rice straw for application in supercapacitor. Chinese Chemical Letters. 28(12): 2290–2294.

Ilomuanya, M. O., Nashiru, B., Ifudu, N. D., & Igwilo, C. I. (2017) Effect of pore size and morphology of activated charcoal prepared from midribs of Elaeis guineensis on adsorption of poisons using metronidazole and Escherichia coli O157:H7 as a case study. Journal of Microscopy and Ultrastructure. 5(1): 32.

Iqbaldin, M. M., Mohd Iqbaldin, M., Khudzir, I., Mohd Azlan, M., Zaidi, A., Surani, B., & Zubri, Z. (2013) Properties of coconut shell activated carbon. Journal of Tropical Forest Science. 25(4): 497–503.

Khomenko, V., Frackowiak, E., & Béguin, F. (2005) Determination of the specific capacitance of conducting polymer/nanotubes composite electrodes using different cell configurations. Electrochimica Acta. 50(12): 2499–2506.

Kwagher, A., & Ibrahim, J. S. (2013) Optimization of conditions for the preparation of activated carbon from mango nuts using HCl. American journal of engineering research. 2(7): 74–85.

Liu, Y., Huo, Z., Song, Z., Zhang, C., Ren, D., Zhong, H., & Jin, F. (2018) Preparing a magnetic activated carbon with expired beverage as carbon source and KOH as activator. Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers. 96: 575-587.

Muchammadsam, I. D., Taer, E., & Farma, R. (2015) Pembuatan Dan karakterisasi karbon aktif monolit dari kayu karet dengan variasi konsentrasi KOH untuk aplikasi superkapasitor. JOM FMIPA. 2(1): 8–13.

National Research Council. (2002) Combat Hybrid Power System Component Technologies: Technical Challenges and Research Priorities. The National Academies Press. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. Diambil dari http://nap.edu/10595

Sevilla, M., & Mokaya, R. (2014) Energy storage applications of activated carbons: Supercapacitors and hydrogen storage. Energy and Environmental Science. 7(4): 1250–1280.

Suryaningsih, S., & Nurhilal, O. (2018) Sustainable energy development of bio briquettes based on rice husk blended materials: An alternative energy source. Journal of Physics: Conference Series. 1013(1), 1–7.

Taer, E., Ira, A., & Taslim, R. (2016) Pengaruh jenis aktivator kimia terhadap densitas dan kapasitansi spesifik elektroda karbon aktif dari serbuk gergaji kayu karet. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Fisika (E-Journal) SNF. 2016:79–84.

Taer, E., Oktaviani, T., Taslim, R., & Farma, R. (2015) Karakterisasi Sifat fisika karbon aktif tempurung. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Fisika (E-Journal) SNF. 2015:97-100.

Taer, E., Taslim, R., Aini, Z., Hartati, S. D., & Mustika, W. S. (2017) Activated carbon electrode from banana-peel waste for supercapacitor applications. AIP Conference Proceedings. 1801: 040004.

Taer, E., Zulkifli, Arif, E. N., & Taslim, R. (2016) Analisa kapasitansi spesifik elektroda karbon superkapasitor dari kayu karet terhadap laju scan berdasarkan variasi Aktivasi HNO3. Spektra: Jurnal Fisika dan Aplikasinya. 1(1): 35–40.

Teo, E. Y. L., Muniandy, L., Ng, E. P., Adam, F., Mohamed, A. R., Jose, R., & Chong, K. F. (2016) High surface area activated carbon from rice husk as a high performance supercapacitor electrode. Electrochimica Acta. 192: 110–119.

Le Van, K., & Luong Thi, T. T. (2014) Activated carbon derived from rice husk by NaOH activation and its application in supercapacitor. Progress in Natural Science: Materials International. 24(3): 191–198.

Le Van, K., & Luong Thi Thu, T. (2019) Preparation of pore-size controllable activated carbon from rice husk using dual activating agent and its application in supercapacitor. Journal of Chemistry. 2019: 4329609.

Vangari, M., Pryor, T., & Jiang, L. (2013) Supercapacitors: Review of Materials and fabrication methods. Journal of Energy Engineering. 139(2): 72–79.

Wang, J., & Kaskel, S. (2012) KOH activation of carbon-based materials for energy storage. Journal of Materials Chemistry. 22(45): 23710–23725.

Yagmur, E., Ozmak, M., & Aktas, Z. (2008) A novel method for production of activated carbon from waste tea by chemical activation with microwave energy. Fuel. 87(15–16): 3278–3285.

Yanti, S., Taer, E., & Sugianto. (2014) Efek modifikasi permukaan karbon aktif monolit terhadap sifat fisis dan elektrokimia sel superkapasitor, Journal Online Mahasiswa Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam. 1(2): 161–168.

Zhang, G., Chen, Y., Chen, Y., & Guo, H. (2018) Activated biomass carbon made from bamboo as electrode material for supercapacitors. Materials Research Bulletin. 102(2010): 391–398. Els

Zhang, H., Yan, Y., & Yang, L. (2010). Preparation of activated carbon from sawdust by zinc chloride activation. Adsorption. 16(3): 161–166.

Zhang, S., Shi, X., Wróbel, R., Chen, X., & Mijowska, E. (2019) Low-cost nitrogen-doped activated carbon prepared by polyethylenimine (PEI) with a convenient method for supercapacitor application. Electrochimica Acta. 294: 183–191.

Zhu, L., Shen, F., Smith, R. L., Yan, L., Li, L., & Qi, X. (2017) Black liquor-derived porous carbons from rice straw for high-performance supercapacitors. Chemical Engineering Journal. 316: 770–777.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.24815/jacps.v11i2.23789

Article Metrics

Abstract view : 0 times
PDF - 0 times

Refbacks



NDEXED AND HARVESTED BY

    

 

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).

©2020 | J. Aceh Phys. Soc. | Banda Aceh, Indonesia | www.jurnal.unsyiah.ac.id/JAcPS | E-ISSN 2355-8229