Activated Carbon Based on Chitin Derived from Tiger Shrimp Shell (Penaeus Monodon) with Self-doping Nitrogen-Oxygen for Supercapacitor Material

Rakhmawati Farma, Indira Valensia, Irma Apriyani, Awitdrus Awitdrus, Erman Taer

Abstract


Abstrak. Material karbon berbasis biopolimer chitin yang tersedia secara alami mendapat perhatian yang substansial sebagai sumber karbon berpori untuk elektroda sel superkapasitor. Fokus utama pada penelitian ini adalah pada karbon berpori berasal dari biopolimer Chitin berbasis cangkang udang dengan doping heteroatom beserta kompositnya dalam aplikasi sel superkapasitor. Tahap pembuatan elektroda karbon melalui proses pra-karbonisasi, aktivasi kimia KOH 0, 0,3 dan 0,5 M, karbonisasi-aktivasi fisika masing-masing dialiri gas N2 dan CO2. Selain itu, untuk menghadirkan permukaan hidrofibik dalam sistem larutan elektrolit yang dapat meningkatkan kinerja sel superkapasitor dapat dilakukan dengan pendopingan oksigen dan nitrogen secara internal. Elektroda karbon yang dihasilkan dikarekterisasi untuk menentukan sifat fisisnya seperti karakterisasi XRD dan FTIR. Analisis sifat elektrokimia sel superkapasitor untuk menentukan nilai kapasitansi spesifik dengan menggunakan metode CV dan GCD. Elektroda yang dihasilkan menunjukkan puncak landai dan beberapa puncak tajam yang mengindikasikan struktur mikrokristalin serta gugus fungsi yang mengandung oksigen dan nitrogen dengan nilai kapasitansi spesifik tertinggi sebesar 227 F/g pada laju pemindaian 1 mV/s di dalam larutan H2SO4 1 M. Studi ini memaparkan strategi yang efektif untuk pengembangan superkapasitor berkinerja tinggi secara ekonomis dari limbah biomassa berbasis chitin yang bersifat terbarukan.

 

Abstract. Naturally available chitin biopolymer-based carbon materials are receiving substantial attention as porous carbon sources for supercapacitor cell electrodes. The main focus of this research is on porous carbon derived from shrimp shell-based Chitin biopolymer with doping heteroatoms and their composites in supercapacitor cell applications. The steps for making carbon electrodes were through a process of pre-carbonization, chemical activation 0, 0.3 and 0.5 M KOH, carbonization-physical activation, each flowed with N2 and CO2 gas. In addition, to presenting a hydrophobic surface in the electrolyte solution system which can improve the performance of supercapacitor cells can be done by doping oxygen and nitrogen internally. The resulting carbon electrode is characterized to determine its physical properties such as XRD and FTIR characterization. Analysis of the electrochemical properties of supercapacitor cells to determine specific capacitance values using CV and GCD methods. The resulting electrode showed a sloping peak and several sharp peaks indicating a microcrystalline structure and functional groups containing oxygen and nitrogen with the highest specific capacitance value of 227 F/g at a scan rate of 1 mV/s in 1 M H2SO4 solution. This study describes an effective strategy for the economic development of high-performance supercapacitors from chitin-based biomass waste which is renewable.


Keywords


Shrimp Shell; activated carbon; KOH activation; self-doping; supercapacitor

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24815/jacps.v12i3.32644

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