Self Management Skill Keluarga Balita dengan Asthma

Abstract

Abstrak

Asthma merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan di Indonesia. Walaupun asthma tidak menyebabkan kematian separah penyakit paru obstruktiflainnya, kegagalan dalam penggunaan pengobatan yang tepat atau ketidak patuhan terhadap pengobatan dapat memicu kematian. Penyakit ini sampai saat ini belum dapat disembuhkan, namun melalui penguasaan self management skill yang tepat, akan dapat mengendalikan penyakit dan memampukan penderita untuk menikmati kualitas hidup. Jenis penelitian deskriptif, populasi dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 66 orang dan sampel diambil berdasarkan total sampling. Analisa data dilakukan secara univariat.Analisa univariat menjelaskan mayoritas balita responden berusia 4-5 tahun (60,6%), berjenis kelamin perempuan (63,6%) dan sudah menderita asthma ≥6 bulan (59,1%). Mayoritas responden berusia 17-25 tahun dan 26-35 tahun (33,3%), berjenis kelamin perempuan (63,3%), berpendidikan tinggi (66,7%) dan umumnya pekerjaan wiraswasta (33,3%). Mayoritas keluarga masih kurang terampil menggunakan self  management  skill dalam pengendalian asthma (53%).Self management skill merupakan proses yang penting dalam pengendalian asthma khususnya pada anak. Peningkatan kemampuan skill ini hendaknya dapat menjadi prioritas dalam proses edukasi kepada pasien.

Kata kunci: self management skill dan pengendalian asthma

Abstract

Based on the results of Basic Health Research in 2013, 4.5% of Indonesian citizens had asthma. Although it is not as fatal as other obstructive lung diseases, inappropriate treatment can result in death. There has not been any cure for the disease; however, it can be controlled and the sick can still have quality life by teaching them good self-management skills. This research is a descriptive research, where the size of the population was 66 people, and the sample for this study was selected by using a total random sampling technique. The data were analyzed by using the analysis of univariate. Based on the analysis results, the majority of respondents under five were between 4 and 5 years old (60.6%), female (63.6%), and have suffered from asthma for at least 6 months (59.1%).  The majority of respondents’ parents were between 17 and 25 years old and between 26 and 35 years old (33.3%), female (63.3%), well-educated (66.7%), and self-employed (33.3%). The research results show that most of the families lacked self-management skills in controlling their child’s asthma (53%). The improvement in this skill can be prioritized in patient education process.

Keyword : self management skill and asthma