Peran Petugas Imunisasi dalam Pemberian Vaksinasi Pentavalen

Abstract

Abstrak

Vaksin pentavalen berfungsi mencegah beberapa jenis penyakit, yaitu difteri, pertusis, tetanus, hepatitis B, radang otak dan radang paru. Namun cakupan pemberian vaksin tersebut masih rendah. Peran petugas imunisasi diperkirakan ikut menentukan pencapaian cakupan tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana peran petugas imunisasi dalam pemberian vaksinasi pentavalen terhadap pencapaian cakupan imunisasi di Kota Banda Aceh. Penelitian bersifat survey analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional ini dilakukan pada petugas imunisasi di Kota Banda Aceh pada tanggal 16 September s/d 30 November 2015. Responden dipilih secara total sampling dan dilakukan angket dengan menggunakan kuesioner terstruktur. Hasil penelitian didapatkan peran petugas dalam kategori baik (55,9 %) dan cakupan imunisasi tidak sesuai (65,7 %), terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara peran petugas terhadap pencapaian cakupan imunisasi di Kota Banda Aceh (p=0,013; OR = 0,160). Secara khusus peran pengadaan logistik, distribusi dan penyimpanan vaksin dengan cakupan imunisasi pentavalen (P=0,004; OR = 0,189), peran tenaga pengelola imunisasi dengan cakupan imunisasi pentavalen (p= 0,045; OR = 4,451), peran pemantauan dan evaluasi dengan cakupan imunisasi pentavalen (P=0,002; OR = 0,104). Sedangkan sub variable yang tidak berhubungan terhadap cakupan imunisasi yaitu perencanaan imunisasi, pelaksanaan pelayanan imunisasi, penanganan limbah imunisasi. Semakin baik peran petugas imunisasi maka akan semakin tinggi nilai cakupan imunisasi di Kota Banda Aceh.

Kata kunci: peran petugas, vaksinasi, pentavalen.

Abstract

Pentavalent vaccine prevents some diseases, namely diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, hepatitis B, meningitis and pneumonia. But the administration of the vaccine coverage is low. The role of immunization workers expected to participate in determining the achievement of such coverage. This research aimed to learn the role of immunization workers in giving pentavalent vaccine immunization to achieve immunization coverage target in Banda Aceh. This is survey analytic research with cross sectional approach. It was conducted to the immunization workers from September 16 to November 30, 2015. The subjects were drawn using total sampling and the data were collected using structured questioner. The result of the study shows that the role of the workers was in a good category (55.9%) and immunization coverage was out of target (65.7%), there was a significant correlation between the role of immunization workers and immunization coverage target in Banda Aceh (p=0.013; OR = 0.160). The correlation between the role of vaccine procurement, distribution and storage and the pentavalent immunization coverage was (P=0,004; OR = 0,189), between the role of immunization workers and pentavalent immunization coverage was (p= 0,045; OR = 4,451), and between the role of monitoring and evaluation and pentavalent immunization coverage (P=0,002; OR = 0,104). Variables that have no correlation with the immunization coverage were immunization plan, immunization service implementation and immunization waste management. The better the role of the immunization workers the higher the value of immunization coverage in Banda Aceh.

Keywords: The role officer, pentavalent, vaccination.