Tipologi Hate Speech di Twitter Terkait Kebijakan Pemerintah Selama Pandemi COVID-19

Dian Rousta Febryanti, Zaki Khudzaifi Mahmud, Santika Vania Putri, Fira Magfira Ovalia, Yashinta Sekarwangi

Abstract


Kebijakan yang dibuat oleh pemerintah selama pandemi COVID-19 telah memicu kritik dari banyak pihak dalam bentuk ujaran kebencian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memetakan tipologi atau tema dari ujaran kebencian di Twitter yang ditujukan kepada pemerintah Indonesia mengenai kebijakan yang dibuat selama pandemi COVID-19, sekaligus frekuensi dan pola dari ujaran kebencian yang muncul pada periode Mei – Juli 2020. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis isi dengan data berupa Tweet berbahasa Indonesia di Twitter. Analisis didasarkan pada kata kunci yang didapat secara deduktif dari dataset Indonesian Abusive and Hate Speech Twitter Text. Analisis komputasional menggunakan Python menghasilkan sebanyak 1.042 cuitan bernada ujaran kebencian. Analisis manual menghasilkan 94 cuitan dengan empat tipologi hate speech yang dominan, yaitu personal attack, dehumanisasi, provokasi, dan stereotip negatif. Sasaran hate speech kepada pemerintah ditemukan ditujukan kepada tiga golongan, yakni presiden Joko Widodo, pemerintah pusat, dan pemerintah daerah secara umum.

 

The policies established by the government during the COVID-19 pandemic have sparked criticism from the public in the form of hate speech. This research aims to map the typology and theme of hate speech towards the Indonesian government regarding the policies made during the COVID-19 pandemic as well as the frequencies and patterns of hate speech during May-July 2020. This research conducted a content analysis of tweets in Indonesian on Twitter. The analysis was based on keywords obtained deductively from the Indonesian Abusive and Hate Speech Twitter Text Dataset. The first computational analysis using Phyton obtained 1,042 tweets containing hate speech. The second manual analysis resulted in 94 tweets with four typologies of hate speech: personal attack, dehumanization, provocation, and negative stereotype. This research also found that hate speech mainly targeted three parties, President Joko Widodo, the central government, and the regional government.


Keywords


COVID-19; Government; Hate Speech; Pemerintah; Tipologi; Twitter; Typology; Ujaran Kebencian

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24815/jkg.v11i2.26733

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