HUBUNGAN INFEKSI SALURAN PERNAPASAN AKUT DENGAN OTITIS MEDIA AKUT PADA ANAK BAWAH LIMA TAHUN DI PUSKESMAS KUTA ALAM KOTA BANDA ACEH
Abstract
Abstrak. Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut (ISPA) memiliki dampak yang luar biasa pada kesehatan masyarakat dan merupakan salah satu alasan kunjungan ke pusat pelayanan primer. ISPA merupakan penyakit yang sering terjadi pada balita. Balita lebih cenderung terpapar ISPA dan pada akhirnya berujung pada komplikasi-komplikasi seperti Otitis Media Akut (OMA). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan ISPA dengan OMA pada balita di Puskesmas Kuta Alam Kota Banda Aceh. Penelitian bersifat deskriptif analitik dengan metode cross sectional, dilaksanakan dari bulan November sampai Desember 2011. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh pasien balita yang berobat ke unit Manajemen Terpadu Balita Sakit Puskesmas (MTBS) Kuta Alam Kota Banda Aceh tahun 2011, dengan sampel sebanyak 207 orang yang dipilih secara Non Probably Sampling dengan metode Purposive Sampling. Pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan data primer yaitu data yang diperoleh langsung dari hasil observasi terhadap pemeriksaan dokter puskesmas pada pasien balita yang datang berobat ke Unit MTBS Puskesmas Kuta Alam Kota Banda Aceh yang kemudian didiagnosa ISPA. Analisis data dilakukan melalui univariat dan bivariat dengan menggunakan statistik Chi-Square. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan dari 207 balita yang datang berobat ke Puskesmas, didapatkan 74,88% positif ISPA dan 25,12% negatif ISPA serta didapatkan 16,43% positif OMA dan 83,57% negatif OMA. Dari hasil uji statistik Chi-square menunjukkan adanya hubungan antara ISPA dan OMA dengan p-value sebesar 0,002 (p < 0,05). Hubungan kausal antara OMA dan ISPA menyimpulkan bahwa perlu dilakukan intervensi dini selama perjalanan ISPA sehingga dapat mencegah episode OMA.
Abstract. ARI (Acute Respiratory Infection) has extraordinary effects for people’s health. It is one of the reasons behind people’s visit to primary health service centers. ARI is a disease that often occurs in children. Children tend to be vulnerable to ARI, which usually results in such complications as Acute Otitis Media (AOM). This research aimed at identifying the relationship between ARI and AOM among toddlers in Kuta Alam Health Center, Banda Aceh. This research is an analytic-descriptive research using cross sectional method, held from November to December 2011. The study population was all patients under five who went to IMCI (Integrated Management of Childhood Illness) unit of Kuta Alam Health Center, Banda Aceh in 2011, with a sample of 207 people chosen at Non Probably Sampling by using Purposive Sampling method. The data collection in this study used primary data which was obtained directly from the observation of the doctor's examination on under-five patients who came for treatment to IMCI unit of Kuta Alam Health Center, Banda Aceh, who were then diagnosed with having ARI. The data analysis was performed by univariate and bivariate statistics by using Chi-Square. The results of this study showed that of 207 toddlers coming for treatment to the health center, 74.88% were diagnosed with positive ARI, 25.12% negative ARI, 16.43% positive AOM and 83.57% negative AOM. The results of the Chi-square statistical test showed that there was an association between ARI with AOM with p-value of 0.002 (p <0.05). The causal relationship between the AOM and ARI suggests that early intervention during the course of a respiratory infection can prevent episodes of AOM.
Keywords
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