Eksistensi Dukun di Tanah Gayo

Abstract

The shamanic phenomenon realized or not, still present in all activities of the community in Central Aceh Regency. The social practice is carried out in a patterned and repetitive manner, continuing to live since the Gayo community is still traditionally patterned until the transition to modernity. Through sociological perspective with a qualitative descriptive approach, this article aims to describe the existence of shamans in Gayo land's people at Central Aceh District. The results of this research show that shamans have a very large role in the lives of the Gayo people. Shaman services are used by some people for various purposes, ranging from political, economic, socio-cultural affairs, security, sports, and especially health/medicine. The habit of going to shamans has become an intersubjective world that is continually maintained by the community. Although the Gayo community is Muslim, the community resistance never manifested in collective action in rejecting the existence of a shaman. Because it's has been objectified in society's social life.

Keywords: Existence, Shamans, Gayo, Objectivation

Fenomena perdukunan selalu hadir dalam segenap aktivitas masyarakat di Kabupaten Aceh Tengah yang dilakukan secara berpola, berulang, dan terus hidup sejak masyarakat Gayo masih bercorak tradisional hingga transisi menuju modern. Melalui kacamata sosiologis dengan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif, artikel ini mencoba menggambarkan eksistensi dukun dalam kehidupan masyarakat Gayo. Hasil kajian ini menunjukkan bahwa dukun masih memiliki peranan yang sangat besar dalam kehidupan masyarakat Gayo. Jasa dukun dimanfaatkan oleh sebagian masyarakat untuk pelbagai kepentingan, mulai dari urusan politik, ekonomi, sosial budaya, keamanan, olahraga, dan terutama sekali kesehatan/pengobatan. Kebiasaan masyarakat Gayo pergi ke dukun menjelma menjadi sebuah dunia intersubjektif yang terus dipelihara keberadaannya oleh komunitas masyarakat. Meskipun masyarakat Gayo beragama Islam, dimana ajaran Islam menentang keras praktik perdukunan, resistensi masyarakat tidak pernah mewujud dalam suatu tindakan kolektif menolak eksistensi dukun. Karena dukun dan praktek perdukunan telah terobjektifikasi dalam denyut nadi kehidupan sosial masyarakat.

Kata Kunci: Eksistensi, Dukun, Gayo, Objektivikasi