Analisis Kriteria Kesesuaian Lahan Terhadap Produksi Kakao Pada Tiga Klaster Pengembangan di Kabupaten Pidie

Abstract

Analysis of Land Suitability Criteria for Cocoa Production of Three Cluster Development in Pidie District

Abstract. Development of cocoa in Pidie District is divided into three clusters, namely Cluster Padang Tiji, Cluster Keumala and Cluster Tangse. This study was aimed at the analysis of land suitability for cocoa in order to understand relationships between characteristics of the land and production and fat content of cocoa and factors that influence it. Method used was a survey method to obtain land characteristics, management and production levels of cocoa. Land Unit Map (LUM) of each cluster was formed by overlapping maps of soil type, slope, and land use. Evaluation of land suitability on each LUM was done by suitability classification method developed by FAO. Relationships between characteristics of land and production and fat levels were analyzed using correlation analysis. Multiple linear analyses were carried out for land characteristics that significantly affect production components and fat content. The results showed that clusters of Keumala and Padang Tiji had actual land suitability classes of marginal suitable (S3), while Tangse had those of adequately suitable (S2) and marginal suitable (S3). Potential land suitability classes of Padang Tiji cluster was S3, while clusters of Keumala and Tangse were S2 and S3. Results of multiple linear regression analyses showed that there was a very close relationship (R2=0.95) between characteristics of land and production, while a close relationship (R2=0.64) between characteristics of the land and fat content. Determinants of production were altitude, slope, sand fraction, clay fraction, pH H2O, pH KCl, organic C, total N, available P, Na, Al saturation, cation exchange capacity, base saturation and salinity, while determinants of fat content were altitude, organic C, total N, available P, Ca, and Mg.

Abstrak. Pengembangan kakao di Kabupaten Pidie dibagi dalam tiga klaster yaitu Klaster Padang Tiji, Keumala dan Tangse. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kesesuaian lahan tanaman kakao sehingga diketahui hubungan antara karakteristik lahan dengan produksi dan kadar lemak kakao serta faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode survai untuk mendapatkan karakteristik lahan, tingkat pengelolaan dan produksi tanaman kakao. Satuan peta lahan (SPL) masing-masing klaster dibentuk berdasarkan tumpang tindih peta jenis tanah, peta lereng dan peta penggunaan lahan. Evaluasi kesesuaian lahan pada setiap SPL menggunakan metode klasifikasi kesesuaian lahan yang dikembangkan oleh FAO. Untuk mengetahui hubungan antar karakteristik dilakukan analisis korelasi antara karakteristik lahan dengan karakteristik produksi serta kadar lemak. Analisis linier berganda dilakukan pada karakteristik lahan yang berpengaruh nyata terhadap komponen produksi dan kadar lemak. Hasil evaluasi lahan Klaster Padang Tiji dan Keumala memiliki kelas kesesuaian lahan aktual sesuai marginal (S3) sedangkan Tangse cukup sesuai (S2) dan sesuai marginal (S3). Kelas kesesuaian lahan potensial Klaster Padang Tiji S3, sedangkan Klaster Keumala dan Tangse S2 dan S3. Hasil analisis regresi linier berganda antara karakteristik lahan terhadap produksi diperoleh hubungan yang sangat erat (R2) 0,95, sedangkan karakteristik lahan terhadap kadar lemak diperoleh hubungan yang erat (R2) 0,64. Penentu produksi adalah ketinggian tempat, lereng, fraksi pasir, fraksi liat, pH H2O, pH KCl, C-organik, N total, P tersedia, Na, kejenuhan Al, kapasitas tukar kation, kejenuhan basa dan salinitas, sedangkan penentu kadar lemak adalah ketinggian tempat, C organik, N total, P tersedia, Ca dan Mg.