Soil Conservation Instructions Against Environmental Damage Due to Erosion Rates in the Krueng Seulimeum Sub-watershed

Abstract

Abstrak

Tanah merupakan sumber daya alam yang penting bagi ekosistem karena menyediakan habitat bagi manusia, hewan, dan tumbuhan. Erosi tanah sangat dipengaruhi oleh kondisi geologi suatu wilayah, seperti kemiringan dan panjang tanah, jenis batuan dan sedimen, permeabilitas tanah, vegetasi, iklim, dan aktivitas makhluk hidup. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui besarnya erosi dan menganalisis tingkat bahaya erosi yang terjadi pada Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) Krueng Seulimeum dan Krueng Aceh, serta mengevaluasi dampak kerusakannya terhadap lingkungan. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan metode survei dengan cara observasi langsung terhadap lokasi penelitian dan melakukan analisis tanah. Nilai erosi dihitung menggunakan persamaan USLE (Universal Soil Loss Equation). Pengaruh faktor panjang dan kemiringan lereng, program pengelolaan dan metode tindakan konservasinya dianalisa. Tahapan penelitian meliputi: (1) pengumpulan data sekunder dan peta lokasi, (2) peninjauan lokasi penelitian dan (3) analisis tanah dan evaluasi data. Berdasarkan hasil jenis tanah,  kemiringan, dan penggunaan lahan menunjukkan bahwa dilokasi penelitian terdapat sembilan Satuan Peta Lahan (SPL) dengan total luas areal 26.497,07 ha. Erosi potensial terbesar terdapat pada SPL 9 yaitu 2.857,72 ton ha^-1 th^-1. Sedangkan erosi aktual terbesar terdapat pada SPL 8 yaitu 254,06 ton ha^-1 th^-1 . Terdapat tiga tingkat bahaya erosi yaitu rendah, sedang dan sangat tinggi. Tingkat bahaya erosi rendah pada SPL 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 dan 9 ; tingkat bahaya erosi sedang pada SPL 1, 2, 3 dan 6. SPL 2 menunjukkan tingkat  indeks bahaya erosi yang sangat tinggi. Arahan konservasi tanah yang disarankan adalah reboisasi terhadap kawasan lindung pada SPL 4 dan 8. Metode konservasi dapat diterapkan pada lahan pertanian SPL 1,2,3,5,6,7, dan 9.

Abstract

Soil is an important natural resource for ecosystems because it provides habitat for humans, animals, and plants. Soil erosion is strongly influenced by a region's geological conditions, such as the slope and length of the land, the type of rock and sediment, the permeability of the land, vegetation, climate, and the activities of living things. The aims of this research were to assess the degree of erosion risk in the Krueng Seulimuem Sub-watershed and the Krueng Aceh Watershed, as well as the environmental consequences of the damage. Direct observations at the research site and soil sample analysis were used to conduct the investigation. The erosion was estimated using the USLE (Universal Soil Loss Equation). The effects of slope length and steepness factors, program management aspects, and conservation methods, as well as a variety of other research criteria, were assessed. It was carried out in three stages: (1) secondary data processing and map preparation; (2) analysis of the research site; and (3) soil analysis and data evaluation. According to the results of the soil type, slope, and land use overlay map, the research site had nine land mapping units (LMU) covering a total area of 26,497.07 hectares. The largest potential erosion was at LMU 9, with 2,857.72 tons ha^-1 yr^-1, while the largest actual erosion occurred at LMU 8, with 254.06 tons ha^-1 yr^-1. There were three degrees of erosion risk: low, moderate, and very high. The low level was present in LMU 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9. The moderate level was present in LMU 1, 2, 3, and 6. LMU 2 was present to the very high-level index. The recommended strategy for soil conservation was reforestation of protected areas at LMU 4 and 8. Conservation methods may be used in agricultural fields at LMU 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, and 9