Phytochemicals - Bioactivity of Avicennia marina Leaves Extract, and Its Application in Food Products: A Brief Literature Review
Abstract
Abstract. Avicennia marina (A. marina) is a tropical and non-tropical biodiversity that grows along the coast worldwide, including Indonesia. A. marina, known as the "gray mangrove" tree, is a mangrove plant of the Avicenniaceae family. A widely used plant part is A. marina leaves, which are further processed into A. marina leaves extracts. Various studies on A. marina leaves, extract, and their application to food products have been extensively researched and communicated in various scientific papers. So, this study aims to provide an overview of the current knowledge on A. marina leaves extract, focusing on its phytochemical-bioactivity and application in food products. Various studies have reported that A. marina leaves extract contains polyphenols, flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids, alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, saponins, tannins, anthraquinones, and other phytochemical compounds based on phytochemical screening. Several recent studies also reported that A. marina leaves extracts to have many benefits due to their biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-cancer activities, and so on. The application of A. marina leaves in the food product is reported to be able to increase the specific nutritional value, such as chocolate bars and noodles. In addition, the water extract of A. marina leaves can maintain the quality of fishery products, especially fresh fish, and acts as a natural bio-formalin or bio-preservation. In future research, the application and supplementation of water extract of A. marina leave in other food products need to be studied further. In addition, other food process engineering must be applied and evaluated to produce extract of A. marina leaves with maintained bioactive compounds and their bioactivity
Fitokimia - Bioaktivitas Ekstrak Daun Avicennia marina dan Aplikasinya pada Produk Pangan: Tinjauan Literatur Singkat
Abstrak. Avicennia marina (A. marina) merupakan keanekaragaman hayati tropis dan non-tropis yang tumbuh di sepanjang pantai di seluruh dunia, termasuk Indonesia. A. marina, yang juga dikenal sebagai pohon "bakau abu-abu", adalah tanaman bakau dari keluarga Avicenniaaceae. Bagian tanaman yang banyak dimanfaatkan adalah daun A. marina, yang selanjutnya diolah menjadi ekstrak daun A. marina. Berbagai penelitian mengenai daun A. marina, ekstrak, dan aplikasinya pada produk pangan telah banyak diteliti dan dikomunikasikan dalam berbagai karya ilmiah. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran umum tentang pengetahuan terkini tentang ekstrak daun A. marina, dengan fokus pada fitokimia-bioaktivitas dan aplikasinya pada produk pangan. Berbagai penelitian telah melaporkan bahwa ekstrak daun A. marina mengandung polifenol, flavonoid, steroid, terpenoid, alkaloid, cardiac glycosides, saponin, tanin, antrakuinon, dan senyawa fitokimia lain berdasarkan skrining fitokimia. Beberapa penelitian terbaru juga melaporkan bahwa ekstrak daun A. marina memiliki banyak manfaat karena aktivitas biologisnya, seperti aktivitas antioksidan, anti-bakteri, anti-jamur, dan anti-kanker. Aplikasi daun A. marina pada produk makanan, seperti pada chocolate bars dan mie, dilaporkan dapat meningkatkan nilai gizinya secara spesifik. Selain itu, ekstrak air daun A. marina dapat menjaga kualitas produk perikanan, terutama ikan segar, dan berperan sebagai bio-formalin atau pengawet alami. Pada penelitian selanjutnya, aplikasi dan suplementasi ekstrak air daun A. marina pada produk pangan lain perlu dikaji lebih lanjut. Selain itu, rekayasa proses pangan lain perlu diterapkan dan dievaluasi untuk menghasilkan ekstrak daun A. marina dengan senyawa bioaktif dan bioaktivitas yang terjaga.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Al-Mur, B. A. (2021). Biological Activities of Avicennia marina Roots and Leaves Regarding Their Chemical Constituents. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 46(6), 5407–5419. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-020-05272-1
Ananthavalli, M., & Karpagam, S. (2017). Antibacterial activity and phytochemical content of Avicennia Marina collected from polluted and unpolluted site. Journal of Medicinal Plants Studies, 5(3), 47–49.
Andriani, S., Widiastuti, E. L., Nurcahyani, N., Rosa, E., & Busman, H. (2021). Cytotoxic activity of methanol extraction of Avicennia marina and taurin in the HeLa cancer cells. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1751(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1751/1/012045
Aprilliana, T. B., Izzati, M., Darmanti, S., & Hastuti, D. (2021). Kandungan Pigmen Fotosintetik dan Total Fenol Daun Mangrove Api-Api [Avicennia marina (Forsk.) Vierh] pada Tambak dan Pantai Mangunharjo Semarang. Buletin Anatomi Dan Fisiologi, 6(2), 176–182.
Bandaranayake, W. M. (2002). Bioactivities, bioactive compounds and chemical constituents of mangrove plants. Wetlands Ecology and Management, 10, 421–452.
Budiadi, B., Widiyatno, W., Nurjanto, H. H., Hasani, H., & Jihad, A. N. (2022). Seedling Growth and Quality of Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh. under Growth Media Composition and Controlled Salinity in an Ex Situ Nursery. Forests, 13(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/f13050684
Chen, Y. P., & Ye, Y. (2014). Early responses of Avicennia marina (Forsk.) Vierh. To intertidal elevation and light level. Aquatic Botany, 112, 33–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquabot.2013.07.006
Dharmautama, M., Tetelepta, R., Ikbal, M., & Warti, A. E. (2017). Effect of mangrove leaves extract (Avicennia marina) concentration to streptococcus mutans and candida albicans growth. Journal of Dentomaxillofacial Science, 2(3), 155–159. https://doi.org/10.15562/jdmfs.v2i3.436
Fauvel, M. T., Taoubi, K., Gleye, J., & Fouraste, I. (1993). Phenylpropanoid glycosides from Avicennia marina. Planta Medica, 59(4), 387. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-959711
Febriani, A. K., Ismiyarto, I., & Anam, K. (2020). Total Phenolic and Coumarin Content, Antioxidant Activity of Leaves, Fruits, and Stem Barks of Grey Mangrove (Avicennia marina). Jurnal Kimia Sains Dan Aplikasi, 23(2), 34–38. https://doi.org/10.14710/jksa.23.2.34-38
Hardiningtyas, S. D., Purwaningsih, S., & Handharyani, E. (2014). Aktivitas Antioksidan dan Efek Hepatoprotektif Daun Bakau Api-Api Putih. Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia, 17(1), 80–91. https://doi.org/10.17844/jphpi.v17i1.8140
Hardiningtyas, S. D., Purwaningsih, S., & Handharyani, E. (2020). Efek Durasi Waktu Ekstraksi dan Fraksinasi terhadap Aktivitas Antioksidan Daun Bakau Api-Api Putih (Avicennia marina). Jurnal Pascapanen Dan Bioteknologi Kelautan Dan Perikanan, 15(2), 99. https://doi.org/10.15578/jpbkp.v15i2.604
Hastuti, E. D., Izzati, M., & Darmanti, S. (2020). Total Phenol Content of Avicennia marina Leaf and Its Relationship to the Environmental Quality. Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education, 12(3), 356–362.
Huang, C., Lu, C. K., Tu, M. C., Chang, J. H., Chen, Y. J., Tu, Y. H., & Huang, H. C. (2016). Polyphenol-rich Avicennia marina leaf extracts induce apoptosis in human breast and liver cancer cells and in a nude mouse xenograft model. Oncotarget, 7(24), 35874–35893. https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.8624
Ibrahim, H. A. H., Abdel-Latif, H. H., & Zaghloul, E. H. (2022). Phytochemical composition of Avicennia marina leaf extract, its antioxidant, antimicrobial potentials and inhibitory properties on Pseudomonas fluorescens biofilm. Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research, 48(1), 29–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejar.2021.10.007
Iranawati, F., Muhammad, F., Fajri, H., Kasitowati, R. D., & Arifin, S. (2018). The potential of mangrove Avicennia marina and A. Alba from Nguling district, Pasuruan, East Java as an antioxidant. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 137(1), 012063. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/137/1/012063
Iswadi, Samingan, & Sartika, I. (2015). Ekstrak Daun Api-Api (Avicennia marina) Sebagai Antibakteri Dan Pengawet Alami Ikan Tongkol (Euthynus affinis) Segar. Jurnal Biologi Edukasi, 7, 7–12.
Jacoeb, A. M., Purwaningsih, S., & Rinto. (2011). Anatomi, Komponen Bioaktif dan Bioaktivitas Antioksidan Dauan Mangrove Api-Api (Avicennia marina). Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia, 14(2), 143–152.
Jamarun, N., Pazla, R., Arief, Jayanegara, A., & Yanti, G. (2020). Chemical composition and rumen fermentation profile of mangrove leaves (Avicennia marina) from West Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas, 21(11), 5230–5236. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d211126
Kathiresan, K., & Bingham, B. L. (2001). Biology of mangroves and mangrove ecosystems. 81–241. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2881(01)40003-4
Kodikara, K. A. S., Jayatissa, L. P., Huxham, M., Dahdouh-Guebas, F., & Koedam, N. (2018). The effects of salinity on growth and survival of mangrove seedlings changes with age. Acta Botanica Brasilica, 32(1), 37–46. https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-33062017abb0100
López-Hoffman, L., Anten, N. P. R., Martínez-Ramos, M., & Ackerly, D. D. (2007). Salinity and light interactively affect neotropical mangrove seedlings at the leaf and whole plant levels. Oecologia, 150(4), 545–556. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-006-0563-4
Mariano, H. G., Dagoc, F. L. S., Espra, A. S., & Amparado, R. F. (2019). Mangrove diversity, taxonomic of classification, and and morphological characteristics natural reforested mangrove forests in selected municipalities of Zamboanga Del Sur, Mindanao Island , Philippines Environmental Science Graduate Program , Departmen. Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences, 15(4), 86–99.
Nguyen, H. T., Stanton, D. E., Schmitz, N., Farquhar, G. D., & Ball, M. C. (2015). Growth responses of the mangrove Avicennia marina to salinity: Development and function of shoot hydraulic systems require saline conditions. Annals of Botany, 115(3), 397–407. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcu257
Paré, G., & Kitsiou, S. (2017). Methods for literature reviews. In Handbook of eHealth Evaluation: An Evidence-based Approach. University of Victoria.
Purnobasuki, H., & Utami, E. S. W. (2016). Seed germination of Avicennia marina (Forsk.) Vierh. by pericarp removal treatment. Biotropia, 23(2), 74–83. https://doi.org/10.11598/btb.2016.23.2.349
Rahman, M., & Sasmito, B. B. (2021). The Effect of Dosage of Mangrove Leaf Extract Avicennia Marina on The Viability of Hela Cells. Journal of Stem Cell Research and Tissue Engineering, 5(1), 42–51. https://doi.org/10.20473/jscrte.v5i1.29384
Ratrinia, P. W., & Sumartini, S. S. (2021). Komposisi Nutrisi Coklat dengan Penambahan Variasi Jenis Serbuk Daun Mangrove. Jurnal Riset Teknologi Industri, 15(1), 90–102. https://doi.org/10.26578/jrti.v15i1.6818
Rofik, S., & Ratnani, R. D. (2012). Ekstrak daun api-api (Avecennia marina) untuk pembuatan bioformalin sebagai anti bakteri ikan segar. Prosiding SNST Ke-3, A.60-A.65.
Rozirwan, Nugroho, R. Y., Hendri, M., Fauziyah, Putri, W. A. E., & Agussalim, A. (2022). Phytochemical profile and toxicity of extracts from the leaf of Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh. collected in mangrove areas affected by port activities. South African Journal of Botany, 150, 903–919. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2022.08.037
Safitri, D., Suardana, A. A. K., & Wahyudi, I. W. (2020). Daya Hambat Ekstrak Daun Api-Api (Avicennia marina) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Mikroba (ALT dan MPN E. coli) Pada Ikan Tongkol Segar (Euthynus affinis). Widya Biologi, 11(2), 118–126.
Sivalingam, A. M. (2021). Evaluation of Potential and In-Vitro Antioxidant Activity of Mangrove Leaves Avicennia marina Ethanolic Extract. International Journal of Scientific Research in Chemistry (IJSRCH), 6(4), 32–37.
Sohaib, M., Al-Barakah, F. N. I., Migdadi, H. M., & Husain, F. M. (2022). Comparative study among Avicennia marina, Phragmites australis, and Moringa oleifera based ethanolic-extracts for their antimicrobial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activities. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 29(1), 111–122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.08.062
Su’aidah, I., Hastuti, E. D., Izzati, M., & Darmanti, S. (2021). Hubungan Total Fenol Akar dan Daun Mangrove Api-Api [Avicennia marina (Forsk.) Vierh] dengan N, P, dan C Organik Sedimen. Buletin Anatomi Dan Fisiologi, 6(1), 17–25. https://doi.org/10.14710/baf.6.1.2021.17-25
Sumartini, Ratrinia, P. W., & Sitorus, K. H. (2022). Proximate and nutrition analysis of chocolate bar with addition of mangrove leaves powder during the shelf life. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 967(1), 012046. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/967/1/012046
Sumartini, S., Ratrinia, P. W., & Andini, R. (2021). Pengaruh penambahan maserat daun mangrove (Avicennia marina) sebagai antibakteri pada ikan layang benggol (Decapterus russelli) selama penyimpanan. Aurelia Journal, 2(2), 171–176. https://doi.org/10.15578/aj.v2i2.9899
Utoro, P. A. R., Witoyo, J. E., Alvianto, D., & Permatasari, N. D. (2022). Extraction Methods and Bioactivity of Essential Oils from Kesum Leaves (Persicaria odorata): A Short Review. Spizaetus : Jurnal Biologi Dan Pendidikan Biologi, 3(3), 112–126. https://doi.org/10.55241/spibio.v2i2.47
Utoro, P. A. R., Witoyo, J. E., & Alwi, M. (2022). Tinjauan literatur singkat bioaktivitas ekstrak daun matoa (Pometia pinnata) dari Indonesia dan aplikasinya pada produk pangan. Journal of Tropical AgriFood, 4(2), 67–76. https://doi.org/10.35941/jtaf.4.2.2022.9293.67-76
Vasanthakumar, S., Dineshkumar, G., & Jayaseelan, K. (2019). Phytochemical Screening, GC-MS Analysis and Antibacterial Evaluation of Ethanolic Leaves Extract of Avicennia marina. Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics, 9(4-A), 145–150. https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v9i4-a.3431
Yanti, G., Jamarun, N., Suyitman, S., Satria, B., & Sari, R. W. W. (2021). Mineral status of soil, sea water, and mangrove (Avicennia marina) forages in several coastal areas of west sumatra. Veterinary World, 14(6), 1594–1601. https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2021.1594-1601
Yassien, E. E., Hamed, M. M., Abdelmohsen, U. R., Hassan, H. M., & Gazwi, H. S. S. (2021). In vitro antioxidant, antibacterial, and antihyperlipidemic potential of ethanolic Avicennia marina leaves extract supported by metabolic profiling. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28(21), 27207–27217.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-12496-7
Zahara, R., & Zuraidah, Y. (2018). Pengaruh Penambahan Daun Api-Api (Avicennia marina) Terhadap Daya Terima Mie Basah. Wahana Inovasi, 7(1), 86–92.
Zamani, M. Z., Prajitno, A., & Fadjar, M. (2019). Morphological Characteristics of Bioactive Compounds on Api-Api Mangrove Leaves Extract (Avicennia marina) Based on Leaves Age. Research Journal of Life Science, 6(3), 184–192. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.rjls.2019.006.03.4
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17969/rtp.v16i2.31752
Article Metrics
Abstract view : 0 timesPDF - 0 times
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright© | ISSN: 2085-2614 | EISSN: 2528-2654
Rona Teknik Pertanian is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Published by:
Departemen Teknik Pertanian, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Syiah Kuala
associated with Indonesia Society of Agricultural Engineering (ISAE) Aceh.
Jl. Tgk. Hasan Krueng Kalee No. 3, Kopelma Darussalam,
Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia.
Email: jronatp@usk.ac.id
Online Submissions & Guidelines | Editorial Policies | Contact | Statistics | Indexing | Citations