Pemanfaatan Limbah Daun Kelapa Sawit sebagai Bahan Baku Pupuk Kompos

Ramayanty Bulan, Tineke Mandang, Wawan Hermawan, Desrial Desrial

Abstract


Abstrak. Limbah padat pada perkebunan kelapa sawit telah diketahui potensial sebagai bahan baku pupuk organik padat melalui proses pengomposan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan teknik dan mengkarakterisasi proses pengomposan limbah daun kelapa sawit sebagai bahan dasar pupuk organik potensial. Proses pengomposan dilakukan dengan dua faktor perlakuan, meliputi komposisi bahan katalisator kompos (Bokashi, Vermikompos dan Natural) dan ukuran cacahan daun sawit (2 cm, 4 cm 6 cm). Parameter yang diamati meliputi persentase penyusutan massa dan fluktuasi perubahan suhu selama proses pengomposan, serta pengukuran zat hara Nitrogen, Phospor, Kalium (NPK) dan rasio C/N yang terkandung pada hasil pengomposan yang diukur setelah 10 dan 14 minggu proses pengomposan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa metode pengomposan dengan bokashi memberikan penyusutan massa terbesar jika dibandingkan dua metode lainnya pada semua ukuran cacahan yaitu sebesar 32%. Cacahan daun sawit yang berukuran kecil cenderung memberikan proses pengomposan yang lebih cepat dan memberikan produk kompos yang lebih baik. Hasil pengukuran setelah proses pengomposan menunjukkan bahwa interaksi dua faktor perlakuan yang diberikan hanya berpengaruh signifikan pada rasio C/N dan tidak signifikan pada zat hara NPK.

 

Utilization of Waste Palm Leaves as Raw Material Palm Compost

Abstract. The use of oil palm plantation solid waste, particularly oil palm leaf as organic compost raw material are now receiving greater attention by researchers, but have not been fully utilized on large scale, either agriculturally or industrially. The aim of present study was to characterize composting process with oil palm leaf as raw material. The research of composting conducted with two combination of composting factor, namely: composting starter composition (i.e. Bokashi, vermi-compost and natural composting) and piece of frond dimension (2 cm, 4 cm, 6 cm). The percentage of mass reduction and temperature fluctuation during composting process were measured. The NPK compound and C/N ratio measurement were conducted after composting process which are 10 and 14 weeks. The result indicates that Bokashi starter composition gives higher percentage of mass reduction on all variant of piece of frond dimension. Results also showed that smaller piece of frond enable the composting process quicker and had better result. Statistical analysis reveals that combination of composting factors have significant effect on C/N ratio but insignificant on NPK.


Keywords


bokashi; natural; vermikompos; C/N ratio; NPK; rasio C/N

Full Text:

PDF

References


Ahmad, M.N., M.N. Mokhtar, A.S. Baharuddin, L.S. Hock, S.R.A. Ali, S.A. Aziz, N.A. A. Rahman, M.A. Hassan. 2011. Changes in physicochemical and microbial community during co-composting of oil palm frond with palm oil mill effluent anaerobic sludge. J. BioResources. 6(4).

Bernal, M.P., J.A. Alburquerque, R. Moral. 2009. Composting a animal manures and chemical criteria for compost maturity assessment. A review. J. Bioresource Tech. 100: 5444-5453.

Boateng, C.O., K.T. Lee. 2014. Ultrasonic-assisted simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of pretreated oil palm fronds for sustainable bioethanol production. J. Fuel. 119: 285-291.

Bulan, R. 2016. Pengembangan sistem mekanisasi pemanfaatan pelepah kelapa sawit untuk mulsa dan kompos [Disertasi]. Bogor (ID): Institut Pertanian Bogor.

Ermadani, A. Muzar. 2011. Pengaruh aplikasi limbah cair pabrik kelapa sawit terhadap hasil kedelai dan perubahan sifat kimia tanah ultisol. Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia 39(3): 160-167.

Francou, C., M. Poitrenaud, S. Houot. 2005. Stabilization of organic matter during composting: influence of process and feedstocks. J. Compost Science Utilization. 13(1): 72-83.

Guangul, F.M., S.A. Sulaiman, A. Ramli. 2014. Study of the effects of operating factors on the resulting producer gas of oil palm fronds gasification with a single throat downdraft gasifier. J. Renewable Energy. 72: 271-283.

Hussin, M.H., A.A. Rahim, M.N.M. Ibrahim, D. Perrin, M. Yemloul, N. Brosse. 2014. Impact of catalytic oil palm fronds (OPF) pulping on organosolv lignin properties. J. Polymer Degradation and Stability. 109: 33-39.

Ingham, E. 1999. Making a high quality compost tea, Part II. J. Bio-Cycle. 40(4): 94.

Kala, D.R., A.B. Rosenani, C.I. Fauziah, L.A. Thohirah. 2009. Composting oil palm wastes and sewage sludge for use in potting media of ornamental plants. Malaysian Journal of Soil Science. 13: 77-91.

Khalid, I., O. Sulaiman, R. Hashim, W. Razak. N. Jumhuri, M.S.M. Rasat. 2015. Evaluation on layering effects and adhesive rates of laminated compressed composite panels made from oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) fronds. J. Materials and Design. 68: 24-28.

Oviasogie, P.O., N.O. Aisueni, G.E. Brown. 2010. Oil palm composted biomass: A review of the preparation, utilization, handling and storage. African Journal of Agricultural Research. 5(13): 1553-1571.

Rupani, P.F., R.T. Singh, M.H. Ibrahim, N. Esa. 2010. Review of current palm oil mill effluent (POME) treatment methods: Vermicomposting as a sustainable practice. World Applied Science Journal. 10(10): 1190-1201.

Rynk, R., T.L. Richard. 2001. Commercial compost production system. InP.J. Stofella, B.A. Kahn (Eds.).Compost Utilization in Horticultural Cropping Systems. Lewis Publisher, Boca Raton, FL.

Suhaimi, M., H.K. Ong. 2001. Composting empty fruit bunches of oil palm. FFTC Publication. Malaysia Agricultural Resource Dev. Inst. Malaysia 1 November 2001.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.17969/rtp.v9i2.5650

Article Metrics

Abstract view : 0 times
PDF - 0 times

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.



Creative Commons LicenseISSN: 2085-2614E-ISSN: 2528-2652
Copyright© | ISSN: 2085-2614 | EISSN: 2528-2654
Rona Teknik Pertanian is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

 

Published by: 
Departemen Teknik PertanianFakultas Pertanian, Universitas Syiah Kuala 
associated with Indonesia Society of Agricultural Engineering (ISAE) Aceh.
Jl. Tgk. Hasan Krueng Kalee No. 3, Kopelma Darussalam,
Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia.
Email: jronatp@usk.ac.id


Online Submissions & Guidelines Editorial Policies | Contact Statistics Indexing | Citations