Kajian Kualitatif Dampak Bantuan Pemerintah pada Peternakan Sapi Potong Menggunakan Pendekatan Model

Novie Andri Setianto

Abstract


ABSTRAK. Pemerintah telah mengimplementasikan banyak program untuk meningkatkan populasi sapi di Indonesia, namun untuk memenuhi kebutuhan daging nasional Indonesia masih tergantung pada impor. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji dampak bantuan pemerintah terhadap kinerja kelompok peternak sapi potong, terutama pada aspek sosial ekonomi. Pemodelan kualitatif menggunakan Causal Loop Diagram (CLD) dipilih untuk memetakan hubungan antar elemen yang terkait. Penelitian dilakukan dengan observasi langsung, wawancara semi-terstruktur, dan lokakarya pada dua kelompok ternak di Kabupaten Banjarnegara dan Banyumas. Diagram menunjukkan bahwa dalam di dalam sistem teridentifikasi enam buah loops yang terbagi atas tiga loops penyeimbang dan tiga loops saling memperkuat. Berdasarkan studi ini dapat diketahui bahwa program pemerintah yang pada awalnya didesain untuk memacu populasi sapi potong, pada kenyataanya di level peternak tidak sepenuhnya teradopsi dengan baik. Peternak hanya mengadopsi aktifitas yang dinilai lebih mudah dan lebih cepat mendatangkan keuntungan. Besarnya nilai bantuan berupa uang tunai yang langsung masuk ke rekening kelompok memicu keinginan peternak untuk dapat memperoleh keuntungan secepat-cepatnya, sehingga peternak lebih memilih penggemukan yang memiliki siklus lebih cepat.

 

(Qualitative modelling of the impact of government grant on beef cattle farming performance

ABSTRACT. The Government of Indonesia has introduced various programs to increase the cattle population. However, Indonesia still relies on imports to meet national demand. This study aimed to explore the impact of government program on the performance of farmer groups, particularly in socioeconomic aspect. Qualitative modelling using Causal Loop Diagram (CLD) of System Dynamics methodology was applied to connect the linkages among elements. A series of observations, semi-structured interviews, and workshops were undertaken involving two farmer groups from two districts; Banjarnegara and Banyumas. CLD showed a total of 6 loops; 3 balancing and 3 reinforcing loops. Each loop represented certain behaviour of the system. The study revealed that the program which initially designed to build engine of growth to boost population from farmers’ group level were not entirely implemented as it is. There were indications of selective adoption and side tracking. Farmers tended to prefer activities which more profitable and generate cash fasterly. A large amount of cash flow into farmers bank account provoked farmers to get immediate benefit, thus farmers choose the fattening over breeding which considered having shorter production cycle and disregarding the breeding which took longer time to produce cash.


Keywords


model kualitatif; daging; sapi potong; sistem dinamik; pemikiran sistemik; qualitative model; beef; cattle; system dynamics; systems thinking

Full Text:

PDF

References


Forrester, J. W. 2007. System dynamics—a personal view of the first fifty years. System Dynamics Review, 23, 345-358.

Ghaffarzadegan, N., Lyneis, J. & Richardson, G. P., 2011. How small system dynamics models can help the public policy process. System Dynamics Review, 27, 22-44.

Giller, K. E., Tittonell, P., Rufino, M. C., Van Wijk, M. T., Zingore, S., Mapfumo, P., Adjei-Nsiah, S., Herrero, M., Chikowo, R., Corbeels, M., Rowe, E. C., Baijukya, F., Mwijage, A., Smith, J., Yeboah, E., Van Der Burg, W. J., Sanogo, O. M., Misiko, M., De Ridder, N., Karanja, S., Kaizzi, C., K'ungu, J., Mwale, M., Nwaga, D., Pacini, C. & Vanlauwe, B. 2011. Communicating complexity: Integrated assessment of trade-offs concerning soil fertility management within African farming systems to support innovation and development. Agricultural Systems, 104, 191-203.

Hadi, P. U. & Ilham, N., 2002. Problems and prospects of beef cattle breeding in Indonesia. Jurnal Litbang Pertanian, 21, 148-157.

Hounkonnou, D., Kossou, D., Kuyper, T. W., Leeuwis, C., Nederlof, E. S., Röling, N., Sakyi-Dawson, O., Traoré, M. & Van Huis, A. 2012. An innovation systems approach to institutional change: Smallholder development in West Africa. Agricultural Systems, 108, 74-83.

Jackson, M. C. 2002. Systems Approaches to Management, New York, Boston, Dordrecht, London, Moskow, Kluwer Academic Publishers.

Lisson, S., Macleod, N., Mcdonald, C., Corfield, J., Rachman, R. & Wirajaswadi, L. 2011. Crop-Livestock Farming System in Eastern Indonesia. In: WINTER, B. (ed.) Beef Production in Crop Livestock System. Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR).

Maani, K. & Cavana, R. 2007. System thinking, system dynamics; managing change and complexity, Rosedale New Zealand, Pearson education.

Macleod, N., Doyle, P. & Winter, B. 2011. Successfully implementing crop–livestock research, development and extension projects. In: WINTER, B. (ed.) Beef production in crop–livestock systems: simple approaches for complex problems. Canberra: ACIAR.

Nelson, R. & Consoli, D. 2010. An evolutionary theory of household consumption behavior. Journal of Evolutionary Economics, 20, 665-687.

Olivier De Sardan, J.-P. 2005. Anthropology and Development, Understanding Contemporary Social Change, London and New York, ZED Books.

Poppi, D., Fordyce, G., Panjaitan, T., Dahlanuddin & Quigley, S. 2011. Developing an Integrated Production System for Bali Cattle in the Eastern Islands of Indonesia. In: WINTER, B. (ed.) Beef Production in Crop–Livestock Systems; Simple Approaches for Complex Problems. ACIAR.

Rodríguez-Ulloa, R., Montbrun, A. & Martínez-Vicente, S. 2011. Soft System Dynamics Methodology in Action: A study of the Problem of Citizen Insecurity in an Argentinean Province. Systemic Practice and Action Research, 24, 275-323.

Schaffernicht, M. 2010. Causal loop diagrams between structure and behaviour: A critical analysis of the relationship between polarity, behaviour and events. Systems Research and Behavioral Science, 27, 653-666.

Sekhampu, T. J. & Niyimbanira, F. 2013. Analysis Of The Factors Influencing Household Expenditure In A South African Township. The International Business & Economics Research Journal (Online), 12, 279-n/a.

Setianto, N. A. 2016. Using Behavioural Validity Method to Analyse the Dynamic Model of Smallholder Beef Farming Systems in Indonesia. Animal Production, 18, 43-50.

Setianto, N. A., Cameron, D. & Gaughan, J. B. 2014. Identifying Archetypes of an Enhanced System Dynamics Causal Loop Diagram in Pursuit of Strategies to Improve Smallholder Beef Farming in Java, Indonesia. Systems Research and Behavioral Science, 31, 642-654.

Simon, D. 2011., Income, Gender, and Consumption: A Study of Malawian Households. The Journal of Developing Areas, 44, 1 -25.

Snapp, S. & Pound, B. 2008. Agricultural Systems: Agroecology and Rural Innovation for Development. Burlington: Academic Press.

Sodiq, A. 2011. Pengembangan Ternak Ruminansia untuk Pemberdayaan Ekonomi Masyarakat dan Percepatan Pencapaian Swasembada Daging: Pitfall and Lesson Learnt. In: Rahayu, S., Sodiq, A., Suhubdy, Samadi, Jelan, Z. A. M., Alimon, A. R., Sumarmono, J., Ismoyowati, Muatip, K., Iriyanti, N., Susanto, A., Santosa, S. A., Yuwono, P., Indrasanti, D., Haryoko, I. & Widyastuti, T. (eds.) Prospek dan Potensi Sumberdaya Ternak Lokal dalam Menunjang Ketahanan Pangan Hewani. Purwokerto - Indonesia: Fakultas Peternakan Universitas Jenderal Soedirman.

Sterman, J. D. 2000. Business Dynamics: System Thinking and Modelling for A Complex World, New York, Irwin McGraw-Hill.

Tedeschi, L. O., Nicholson, C. F. & Rich, E. 2011. Using System Dynamics modelling approach to develop management tools for animal production with emphasis on small ruminants. Small Ruminant Research, 98, 102-110.

Yuwono, P. & Sodiq, A., 2010. Brahman cross development in village breeding centre of the Sarjana Membangun Desa: pitfall and a leason learned. Animal Production, 12, 156-162.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.17969/agripet.v16i2.5696

Article Metrics

Abstract view : 0 times
PDF - 0 times

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2016 Jurnal Agripet

License URL: http://www.jurnal.unsyiah.ac.id/agripet/about/submissions#copyrightNotice


Creative Commons LicenseISSN: 1411-4623E-ISSN: 2460-4534
Copyright© 2000-2024 | ISSN: 1411-4623 | EISSN: 2460-4534 
Jurnal Agripet is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

 

Published by: 
Animal Husbandry DepartmentThe Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Syiah Kuala 
associated with Animal Scientist's Society of Indonesia (HILPI)
Jl. Tgk. Hasan Krueng Kalee No. 3, Kopelma Darussalam,
Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia.
Phone: +62-81383736633
Email: jurnalagripet@usk.ac.id


Online Submissions & Guidelines Editorial Policies | Contact Statistics Indexing | Citations