Pengaruh Tingkat Kekerasan Buah Terhadap Viabilitas dan Vigor Benih Alpukat (Persea americana Mill.)

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh tingkat kekerasan buah terhadap viabilitas dan vigor benih alpukat. Penelitian ini telah dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Ilmu dan Teknologi Benih, Jurusan Agroteknologi, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Darussalam, Banda Aceh. Penelitian ini berlangsung dari Februari sampai April 2022. Rancangan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap non faktorial yang terdiri dari satu faktor yaitu faktor tingkat kekerasan benih alpukat yang terdiri dari 4 perlakuan dengan 3 ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan tingkat kekerasan buah berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap viabilitas dan vigor benih alpukat yang diamati berdasarkan tolak ukur Daya Berkecambah , berpengaruh nyata terhadap Berat Kering Benih, Potensi Tumbuh Maksimum dan Kecepatan Tumbuh. Nilai tolak ukur berat kering benih lebih tinggi  diperoleh pada benih yang berasal dari buah lunak dengan nilai 10,1%, tolak ukur potensi tumbuh maksimum dan daya berkecambah lebih tinggi  diperoleh pada benih yang berasal dari buah agak lunak dan buah lunak dengan nilai masing-masing potensi tumbuh maksimum 56,67% dan 60%, daya berkecambah 53,33 % dan 60% serta tolak ukur kecepatan tumbuh lebih tinggi  diperoleh pada benih yang berasal dari buah lunak dengan nilai 8,6 %.

Effect of Fruit Hardness Level on Viability and Vigor of Avocado Seed (Persea americana Mill.)

Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) is one of the horticultural commodities that is very well known to the public. This plant thrives in tropical areas such as Indonesia and is one type of fruit that is very popular with the public because in addition to its delicious taste it also contains high antioxidants. . This plant is also used as a traditional medicine for treatment such as canker sores, urinary stones, high blood pressure, dry facial skin, toothache, swelling due to inflammation and diabetes. Avocado production in Indonesia in 2020 was 609,05 thousand tons and in 2021 increased to 669,26 thousand tons. The high demand for avocados must be balanced with increased production. One of the efforts to increase production is to improve the quality of avocado seeds, which aims to increase the success of the nursery for the better. This study aims to determine the effect of fruit hardness on the viability and vigor of avocado seeds. This study was conducted using a non-factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The factor studied in this study was the level of fruit hardness in avocados which consisted of 4 levels, namely 3.5 (kg seconds^-1), 3.0 K 3.5 (kg seconds^-1), 2.5 K 3.0 (kg seconds^-1) and 2.0 K 2.5 (kg sec-¹). Each level of the experiment was repeated 3 times, which was further tested with the Least Significant Difference test at the 5% level. Parameters observed consisted of Seed Dry Weight, Maximum Growth Potential, Germination Power, Vigor Index, Growth Speed, Simultaneous Growth, Time Required To Reach 50% Germination And Dry Weight Of Normal Sprouts. The results showed that the treatment of fruit hardness had a very significant effect on the viability and vigor of avocado seeds which was observed based on the Germination Power benchmark, had a significant effect on Seed Dry Weight, Maximum Growth Potential and Growth Speed. The benchmark value for the dry weight of seeds was higher for seeds from soft fruit with a value of 10.1%, the benchmark for maximum growth potential and higher germination was obtained for seeds from soft fruit and soft fruit with respective values. maximum growth potential of 56.67% and 60%, germination capacity of 53.33% and 60%, and a higher growth speed benchmark were obtained from seeds derived from soft fruit with a value of 8.6%.