Respon Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Plasma Nutfah Padi Lokal Aceh Terhadap Sistem Budidaya Aerob

Efendi Efendi, Halimursyadah Halimursyadah, Hotna Riris Simajuntak

Abstract


ABSTRAK. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui respon pertumbuhan dan produksi 30 varietas padi lokal Aceh terhadap sistem budidaya padi aerob dengan menggunakan pendekatan secara intermitten selama fase pertumbuhan vegetatif. Respon pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman padi dipelajari dengan mengamati karakter morfo-agronomis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa varietas sangat mempengaruhi tinggi tanaman. Tinggi tanaman padi varietas lokal ternyata sangat bervariasi antar satu varietas dengan varietas lainnya. Varietas Pade Pangku, Sikuneng, Rom Mokot, Sepuluo, Pade Mas, dan Sigupai merupakan kelompok varietas yang paling tinggi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan juga bahwa varietas sangat mempengaruhi jumlah anakan varietas padi lokal Aceh. Varietas Pandrah, Asi Puteh, Sigudang, Bo Santeut, Pade Mirah, Pade P66,  Sanbei, Aweuh, Acong, Bo 100, Salah Mayang Ru, dan Sipirok merupakan varietas-varietas yang memiliki jumlah anakan yang tinggi. Sedangkan tanaman yang paling cepat berbunga terdapat pada varietas Pade P66, Sigudang, dan Pade Das. Sementara varietas yang paling lama mengeluarkan bunga terdapat pada varietas Rangkop Mirah. Varietas berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap hasil tanaman per pot. Perbedaan varietas menghasilkan berat gabah per pot yang sangat bervariasi. Hasil tanaman per pot terberat dijumpai pada varietas Pade Manggeng, Aweuh, Sigupai, Bo Santeut, Sikuneng, dan Pade Mas. Respon pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman padi varietas lokal Aceh lebih baik dibandingkan padi varietas Nasional apabila dibudidayakan dengan sistem padi aerob.


The Response of Local Acehnese Germplasm of Rice to Growth and Production in Aerobic Condition

ABSTRACT
. The purpose of this research is to study responds of 30 variety of Acehnese local rice to aerobic cultivation method with intermitten approach during vegetative phase of rice plant. Morpho-agronomic characters were observed to evaluate the responds of the varieties. Results of study showed that variety was significantly affected plant height, and indicated wide variation among varieties for the plant height. Pade Pangku, Sikuneng, Rom Mokot, Sepuluo, Pade Mas, and Sigupai were the varieties that have taller plant height than others. The factor of variety also significantly affected number of tillers. Variety of Pandrah, Asi Puteh, Sigudang, Bo Santeut, Pade Mirah, Pade P66,  Sanbei, Aweuh, Acong, Bo 100, Salah Mayang Ru, and Sipirok were the varieties that have bigger number of tillers. Some varieties, PadeP66, Sigudang, and Pade Das produced flower earlier than others. Rangkop Mirah variety was the longest time to initiate it flower. We also found that variety significantly affected yield of rice per pot. Pade Manggeng, Aweuh, Sigupai, Bo Santeut, Sikuneng, and Pade Mas were the varieties that have higher yield of rice per pot compared than others. When the varieties cultivated in aerobic condition, the responds of Acehnese local variety was better than national superior variety.


Keywords


padi; varietas lokal; rice; local variety; aerob

Full Text:

PDF

References


Counce, P. A., T. J. Siebenmorgen, M. A. Poag, G. E. Holloway, M. F. Kocher, & R. Lu. 1996. Panicle emergence of tiller types and grain yield of tiller order for direct-seeded cultivars. Field Crops Res. 47:235–242.

Departemen Pertanian. 2002. Diskripsi Varietas Unggul Padi. BPTP Provinsi NTB, Mataram.

Departemen Pertanian. 2003. Panduan Sistem Karakterisasi dan Evaluasi Tanaman Padi. Komisi Nasional Plasma Nutfah. Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian.

Efendi, 2011. The System of Rice Intensification (SRI) as Technology Innovation to Improve the Productivity of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Post-tsunami Affected-Area of Aceh Province. Proceeding AIWEST-DR. 22-24 Nov 2011: 284-290.

Flowers, T. J. 2004. Improving crop salt tolerance. Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol. 55 (396): 307-319.

Gardner, F. P., R. B. Pearce, & R. L. Mitchell, 1991. Fisiologi Tanaman Budidaya. Terjemahan oleh: Herawati Susilo. University of Indonesia Press. Jakarta. 428h.

Hoshikawa, K. 1989. The Growing Rice Plant: An Anatomical Monograph. Nobunkyo, Tokyo.

IPCC. 2007. An Assessment of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change: Synthesis Report. IPCC Plenary XXVII: 1-22.

Lin, X., D. Zhu, &X. Lin. 2011. Effects of water management and organic fertilization with SRI crop practices on hybrid rice performance and rhizosphere dynamics. Paddy Water Environ, 9:33–39.

Mishra, A. & V. M. Salokhe. 2011. Rice root growth and physiological responses to SRI water management and implications for crop productivity. Paddy Water Environ (2011) 9:41–52.

Nemoto, K., S.Morita, & T. Baba. 1995. Shoot and root development in rice related to the phyllochron. Crop Sci. 35:24–29.

Randriamiharisoa, R., Barison, J. &Uphoff, N. (2006). Soil biological contributions to the System of Rice Production, in N. Uphoff et al. (eds.), Biological Approaches to Sustainable Soil Systems, 409-424, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL

Sato, S., E. Yamaji, & T. Kuroda. 2011. Strategies and engineering adaptions to disseminate SRI methodsin large-scale irrigation systems in Eastern Indonesia. Paddy Water Environ (2011) 9: 79–88.

Sugeng, H.R. 2001. Bercocok Tanam Padi. CV Aneka Ilmu, Semarang.

Tschirley, J. 2007. Climate Change Adaptation: Planning and practices. Online, http://unfccc.int/files/adaptation/sbsta_agenda_item_adaptation/application/pdf/200709_tschirley_fao.pdf, diakses 19 April 2012

Uphoff, N., A. Kassam, & R. Harwood. 2011. SRI as a methodology for raising crop and water productivity: productive adaptations in rice agronomy and irrigation water management. Paddy Water Environ (2011) 9:3–11.

Verlues, P.E., E.S. Obes, & R.E. Sharp. 1998.Root growth and oxygen relation at low waterpotential. Impact of oxygen availability inpolyethylene glycol solution. Plant Physiol.116: 1.403−1.412.

Wassmann, R., S.V.K. Jagadish, S. Heuer, A. Ismail, E. Redona, R. Serraj, R.K. Singh, G. Howell, H. Pathak, & K. Sumfleth, 2009. Climate Change Affecting Rice Production: pp.59-122.The Physiological and Agronomic Basis for Possible Adaptation Strategies. In Donald L. Sparks, editor, Advances in Agronomy, Vol 101. Burlington: Academic Press.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.17969/agrista.v16i3.655

Article Metrics

Abstract view : 0 times
PDF - 0 times

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.



Creative Commons LicenseISSN: 1411-4623E-ISSN: 2460-4534
Copyright© 2024 | ISSN: 1410-3389 | EISSN: 2597-9973 
Jurnal Agrista is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

 

Published by: 
The Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Syiah Kuala
Jl. Tgk. Hasan Krueng Kalee No. 3, Kopelma Darussalam, 
Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia. 
Phone: +62-81383736633 
Email: agrista@unsyiah.ac.id


Online Submissions & Guidelines Editorial Policies | Contact Statistics Indexing | Citations