Bioactive profile and anti-UV activities of ethyl acetate extract of Rhizophora apiculata leaves

Irwan Irwan, Maghsal Aly, Ichsan Rusydi, Eli Nurliza, Nursafiah Nursafiah, Habibul Akram

Abstract


Mangroves plants such as Rhizophora apiculata are known to possess a diverse array of bioactive compounds with antioxidant and photoprotective properties. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-UV activity and bioactive composition of the ethyl acetate extract of R. apiculata leaves. The extraction was performed using the maceration method over 3 × 24 hours with ethyl acetate as the solvent. UV absorption was assessed using UV-Visible spectrophotometry, while compound identification was carried out through Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The extract exhibited significant UV absorption in the 290–320 nm range, with Sun Protection Factor (SPF) values ranging from 2.530 ± 0.03 (low protection) to 37.080 ± 0.47 (high protection), indicating strong potential as a natural sunscreen agent. GC-MS analysis revealed several bioactive constituents, including lupeol, friedelan-3-one, cyclohexane-1,3,5-triphenyl, α-tocopherol, and 1,3,5,7-cyclooctatetraene—compounds recognized for their UV-absorbing and antioxidant activities. The synergistic action of these phytochemicals is believed to contribute to the extract’s overall photoprotective efficacy.

Keywords:

Rhizophora apiculata

Bioactive compounds

Anti-UV

Extract

Ethyl Acetate


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.13170/depik.14.3.45175

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PUBLISHER ADDRESS:

Faculty of Marine and Fisheries
Universitas Syiah Kuala
Jalan Meureubo No. 1, Kopelma Darussalam
Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia

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