EFEK BIOCHAR DAN TEH KOMPOS TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL SELADA DARAT (Lactuca sativa L) DI TANAH VERTISOL SEMIARID
Abstract
Improving soil and plant productivity in semiarid regions was challenged by the climatic factors such low rain fall and high temperature in addition to limited availability of appropriate agricultural technologies. The objective of this field trial was to assess the effect of biochar and compost tea on the growth of curly leave lettuce grown in a semiarid region of West Timor. Two types of biochars (rice husk and sawdust) in combination with two types of compost teas namely Chromolaena odorata stem and guano at two rates (150 ml/plant and 250 ml/plant) were arranged in a factorial randomized completely block design 3 x 3 x 3 with 4 replicates. Soil parameters such as pH and electrical conductivity, and plant parameters such number of leaves, fresh weight were measured to indicate the treatment effects. The results indicated that soil temperature and soil bulk density were decreased, and soil moisture, soil electrical conductivity, number of leaves, total fresh weight, and root length were increased by added biochars and compost teas. Application of rice husk biochar at 10 t/ha in combination with guano compost tea at 250 ml/plant in increase the lettuce shoot fresh weight almost twice compared to the control. This results could be attributed to the improving soil productivity by added biochars and nutrients supply by the teas.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Akhtar, S. S., Li, G., Andersen, M. N., Liu, F. 2014. Biochar enhances yield and quality of tomato under reduced irrigation. Agri.Water Manag.138: 37-44.
Artiola, J.F., Rasmussen, C., Freitas, R. 2012. Effects of a biochar-amended alkaline soil on the growth of romaine lettuce and bermudagrass. Soil Sci. 177:561-570.
Basso, A.S., Miguez, F. E., Laird, D. A., Horton, R., Westgate, M. 2013. Assessing potential of biochar for increasing water-holding capacity of sandy soils. GCB Bioenergy 5:132-143.
Berek, A. K. 2017. Teh kompos dan pemanfaatannya sebagai sumber unsur hara dan agen ketahanan tanaman. Savana Cendana 2: 68-70.
Blackwell, P., Krull, E., Butler, G., Herbert, A., Solaiman, Z. 2010. Effect of banded biochar on dryland wheat production and fertiliser use in south-western Australia: an agronomic and economic perspective. Aust.J. Soil Res. 48: 531-545.
Brantley, K. E., Brye, K. R., Savin, M. C., Longer, D. E. 2015. Biochar Source and Application Rate Effects on Soil Water Retention Determined Using Wetting Curves. Open J. Soil Sci. 5: 1-10
Bruun, E. W., Petersen, C. T., Hansen, E., Holm, J.K., Hauggaard-Nielsen, H. 2014. Biochar amendment to coarse sandy subsoil improves root growth and increases water retention. Soil Use Manage. 30:109-118.
Chintala, R., J. Mollinedo, T. E. Schumacher, D. D. Malo, and J. L. Julson. 2013. Effect of biochars on chemical properties of acidic soil. Arch. Agron. Soil Sci. 1-12
Ertani, A. Pizzeghello, D., Baglieri, A., Cadili, V., Tambone, F., Gennari, M., Nardi, S. 2013. Humic-like substances from agro-industrial residues affect growth and nitrose assimilation in maize (Zea mays L.) plantlets. J. Geochem. Explor. 129:103-111.
Graber, E.R., Meller-Harel.Y., Kolton, M., Cytryn, E., Silber, A., Rav David, D., 2010. Biochar impact on development and productivity of pepper and tomato grown in fertigated soilless media. Plant Soil 337: 481-496.
Haider, G., Koyro, H. W., Azam, F., Steffens, D., Müller, C., Kammann, C. 2015. Biochar but not humic acid product amendment affected maize yields via improving plant-soil moisture relations. Plant Soil 395:141-157.
Hossain, M. K., Strezov, V., Chan, K.Y., Nelson, P. F. 2010. Agronomic properties of wastewater sludge biochar and bioavailability of metals in production of cherry tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum). Chemosphere 78: 1167-1171.
Igalavithana, A.D., Ok, Y.S., Niazi, N.K., Rizwan, M., Al-Wabel, M.I., Usman, A.R., Moon, D.H., Lee, S.S. 2017. Effect of corn residue biochar on the hydraulic properties of sandy loam soil. Sustain 9:1-10.
Kolton, M., Graber, E. R., Tsehansky, L., Elad, Y., Cytryn. 2017. Biochar-stimulated plant performance is strongly linked to microbial diversity and metabolic potential in the rhizosphere. New Phytologist. 213: 1393-1404.
Laird, D. A., Fleming, P. D., Davis, D. D., Horton, R., Wang, B., Karlen, D. L. 2010. Impact of biochar amendments on the quality of a typical Midwestern agricultural soil. Geoderma 158:443-449.
Lentz, R. D., Ippolito, J. A. 2012. Biochar and manure affect calcareous soil and corn silage nutrient concentrations and uptake. J. Environ. Qual. 41: 1033-1043.
Novak, J. M., Lima, I., Xing, B., Gaskin, J. W., Steiner, C., Das, K. C., Ahmedna, M. A., Rehrah, D., Watts, D. W., Busscher, W. J., Schomberg, H. 2009. Characterization of designer biochar produced at different temperatures and their effects on a loamy sand. Annal. Environ. Sci. 3:195-206.
Olmo, M., Alburquerque, J. A., Barrón, V., del Campillo, M. C., Gallardo, A., Fuentes, M., Villar, R. 2014. Wheat growth and yield responses to biochar addition under Mediterranean climate conditions. Biol. Fert. Soil 50:1177-1187.
Pant, A. P., Radovich, T. J. K., Hue, N.V., Arancon, N. Q., 2011. Effects of vermicompost tea (aqueous extract) on pak-choi yield, quality, and on Soil biological properties. Compost Sci. Util. 19: 279-292.
Pant, A. P., Radovich, T. J. K., Hue, N. V., Paull, R. E. 2012. Biochemical properties of compost tea associated with compost quality and effects on pak choi growth. Scientia Horti.148: 138-146.
Pant, A.P., Radovich, T.J.K., Hue, N.V., Talcott, A.T., Krenek, K.A. 2009. Vermicompost extracts influence growth, mineral nutrients, phytonutrients and antioxidant activity in pak choi (Brassica rapa cv. Bonsai, Chinensis group) grown under vermicompost and chemical fertilizer. J. Sci. Food Agric. 89: 2383-2392.
Sarkhot, D.V., Ghezzehei, T.A., Berhe, A.A. 2013. Effectiveness of biochar for sorption of ammonium and phosphate from dairy effluent. J. Environ. Qual. 42:1545-1554.
Silber, A., Levkovitch, I., Graber, E.R. 2010. pH-dependent mineral release and surface properties of cornstraw biochar: agronomic implications. Environ. Sci. Technol. 44:9318-9323.
St. Martin, C.C.G. 2015. Enhancing soil suppressiveness using compost and compost tea, p. 25-49. In: M.K. Meghvansi, A. Varma (eds.), Organic Amendments and Soil Suppressiveness in Plant Disease Management, Soil Biology 46. Springer International Publishing. Switzerland.
St. Martin, C. C. G., Dorinvil, W., Brathwaite, R. A. I., Ramsubhag, A. 2012. Effects and relationships of compost type, aeration and brewing time on compost tea properties, efficacy against Pythium ultimum, phytotoxicity and potential as a nutrient amendment for seedling production. Biol. Agric. Horti. 28: 185-205.
Vaccari, F.P., Maienza, A., Miglietta, F., Baronti, S., Di Lonardo, S., Giagnoni, L., Lagomarsino, A., Pozzi, A., Pusceddu, E., Ranieri, R.,Valboa, G., Genesio, L. 2015. Biochar stimulates plant growth but not fruit yield of processing tomato in a fertile soil. Agri. Ecosys. Environ. 207:163-170.
Yu, O.-Y., Harper, M., Hoepfl, M., Domermuth, D. 2017. Characterization of biochar and its effects on the water holding capacity of loamy sand soil: Comparison of hemlock biochar and switchblade grass biochar characteristics. Environ. Prog. Sustainable Energy 36: 1474-1479.
Yuan, J. H., Xu, R. K. 2011. The amelioration effects of low temperature biochar generated from nine crop residues on an acidic Ultisol. Soil Use Manage. 27:110-115.
Wu, Y., Xu, G., Shao, H.B. 2014. Furfural and its biochar improve the general properties of a saline soil. Solid Earth 5: 665-671.
Zhang, H., Tan, S. N., Wong, W. S., Ng, C. Y. L., Teo, C. H., Ge, L., Chen, X., Yong, J. W. H. 2013. Mass spectrometric evidence for the occurrence of plant growth promoting cytokinins in vermicompost tea. Biol. Fert. Soils 50: 401-403.
Zhang, Q., Wang, Y., Wu, Y., Wang, X., Du, Z., Liu, X., Song, J. 2012. Effects of biochar amendment on soil thermal conductivity, reflectance, and temperature. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 77:1478-1487.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17969/floratek.v12i2.10205
Article Metrics
Abstract view : 0 timesPDF - 0 times
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
ISSN / E-ISSN: 1907-2686 / 2597-9108
Copyright © 2024 Departemen Agroteknologi
Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Syiah Kuala.