Pengaruh Dosis Rhizobium dan Konsentrasi Pupuk MKP terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Kedelai (Glycine max L. Merill)

Abstract

Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dosis inokulasi rhizobium dan konsentrasi pupuk MKP terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman kedelai. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Stasiun Penelitian Pertanian/University Farm Sub Stasiun Hortikultura Organik Universitas Syiah Kuala Darussalam Banda Aceh dan di Laboratorium fisiologi tumbuhan dari bulan November 2021 sampai dengan Januari 2022. Alat-alat yang digunakan adalah cangkul, pisau, meteran, gembor, timbangan analitik, sprayer dan alat-alat yang mendukung dalam penelitian. Bahan-bahan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah benih kedelai varietas Anjasmoro sebanyak 320 g yang diperoleh dari Balitkabi Malang, pupuk MKP sebanyak 1.296 g, rhizobium 3,24 g dan NPK mutiara sebanyak 432 g. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) pola faktorial 4x4 dengan 3 kali ulangan sehingga terdapat 48 satuan percobaan. Faktor yang diteliti yaitu inokulasi rhizobium dan konsentrasi pupuk MKP. Faktor inokulasi rhizobium terdiri dari  4 taraf yaitu 0 (kontrol), 7,5, 15 dan 22,5 g/kg benih, faktor konsentrasi pupuk MKP terdiri dari 4 taraf yaitu 0 (kontrol), 4,5, 9 dan 13,5 g/liter air. Peubah yang diamati meliputi tinggi tanaman, jumlah cabang, jumlah bintil akar, jumlah bintil akar efektif, jumlah polong bernas, jumlah polong tidak bernas, jumlah polang total, berat basah akar, berat kering akar, bobot biji per tanaman, bobot 100 butir, bobot biji per bedeng dan potensi hasil.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dosis inokulasi rhizobium berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap terhadap tinggi tanaman umur 30 HST, jumlah polong tidak bernas, bobot biji per tanaman, potensi hasil dan berpengaruh nyata terhadap 100 butir. Pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman terbaik dijumpai pada perlakuan dosis inokulasi rhizobium 15 g/kg benih. Selanjutnya Konsentrasi pupuk MKP berpengaruh nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman umur 30, 45 HST, jumlah cabang umur 45 HST, jumlah polong tidak bernas dan bobot 100 butir. Pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman terbaik dijumpai pada perlakuan konsentrasi pupuk MKP 4,5 g/liter air. Terdapat interaksi yang sangat nyata terhadap bobot biji per tanaman, potensi hasil (ton/ha) dan terdapat interaksi yang nyata terhadap jumlah bintil akar, jumlah polong bernas dan bobot biji per bedeng. Pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman kedelai terbaik dijumpai pada kombinasi perlakuan dosis inokulasi rhizobium 15 g/kg benih dengan konsentrasi pupuk MKP 13,5 g/liter air.

Effect of Rhizobium Doses and Concentration of MKP Fertilizer on Growth and Yield of Soybean (Glycine max L. merill)

Abstract. This study aimed to determine the effect of rhizobium inoculation dose and concentration of MKP fertilizer on soybean growth and yield. This research was carried out at the Agricultural Research Station/University Farm Organic Horticulture Sub-station, Syiah Kuala Darussalam University Banda Aceh and at the plant physiology laboratory from November 2021 to January 2022. The tools used were hoe, knife, meter, gembor, analytical balance. sprayer and tools that support the research. The materials used in this study were 320 g of Anjasmoro soybean seed obtained from Balitkabi Malang, 1,296 g of MKP fertilizer, rhizobium as much as 3.24 g and pearl NPK as much as 432 g. This study used a 4x4 factorial randomized block design (RAK) with 3 replications so that there were 48 experimental units. The factors studied were rhizobium inoculation and concentration of MKP fertilizer. The rhizobium inoculation factor consisted of 4 levels, namely 0 (control), 7.5, 15 and 22.5 g/kg seed, the MKP fertilizer concentration factor consisted of 4 levels, namely 0 (control), 4.5, 9 and 13.5 g/liter of water. Variables observed included plant height, number of branches, number of root nodules, number of effective root nodules, number of pithy pods, number of unpeeled pods, total number of pods, root wet weight, root dry weight, seed weight per plant, weight of 100 grains, weight of seeds per bed and yield potential. The results showed that the dose of rhizobium inoculation had a very significant effect on plant height at 30 DAP, the number of unyielding pods, seed weight per plant, yield potential and significantly affected 100 grains. The best plant growth and yield was found in the treatment with 15 g/kg seed inoculation of rhizobium. Furthermore, the concentration of MKP fertilizer had a significant effect on plant height at 30, 45 DAP, the number of branches at 45 DAP, the number of unpeeled pods and the weight of 100 grains. The best plant growth and yield was found in the treatment with a concentration of 4.5 g/liter of MKP fertilizer. There was a very significant interaction on seed weight per plant, yield potential (tonnes/ha) and there was a significant interaction on the number of root nodules, number of pithy pods and seed weight per bed. The best growth and yield of soybean was found in the combination treatment with a dose of 15 g/kg of rhizobium inoculation of seeds with a concentration of MKP fertilizer of 13.5 g/liter of water.