1. Home
  2. Volume 25 Number 2, June 2025
  3. Siagian

Analysis of particle dynamics, event horizon, and thermodynamic properties of black holes in the Ghasemi-Nodehi-Bambi metric

Ruben Cornelius Siagian

Abstract


Black holes, as complex astrophysical objects, are strongly influenced by their metric parameters. This research focuses on the Ghasemi-Nodehi-Bambi (G-N-B) metric, an extension of the Kerr solution, which introduces additional parameters to more accurately describe the properties of black holes. The research investigates the impact of parameter variations in the G-N-B metric on black hole thermodynamics, particle dynamics, and event horizon structure. Analytical and numerical methods are applied to examine the quadratic equations governing event horizons, particle motion, and black hole temperature and entropy. The research explores the variation of parameters (M) and (a) within a certain range to evaluate their influence on the gravitational distribution and the effect of frame attraction. The distribution of (M) values was visualized on a logarithmic scale to highlight the sensitivity of the system to parameter changes. The study found that variations in the G-N-B metric parameter significantly affect the event horizon, with the likelihood of extreme black holes or naked singularities forming depending on the discriminant of the quadratic equation. Particle motion is affected by parameters (M) and (a), which alter the gravitational field and orbital stability. The black hole temperature and entropy show significant changes: an increase in (M) increases gravity and surface temperature, while an increase in (a) decreases temperature due to rotational effects. The research improves the understanding of black holes beyond the Kerr model, especially in terms of black hole thermodynamics and time-space structure.

References


S. Hacyan, “Modern Physics: Relativity,” in The Mathematical Representation of Physical Reality, Springer, 2023, pp. 39–51.

M. Ghasemi-Nodehi, Y. Lu, J. Chen, and C. Yang, “Testing Ghasemi-Nodehi–Bambi metric parameters with quasi-periodic oscillations,” Eur. Phys. J. C, vol. 80, pp. 1–12, 2020.

M. Ghasemi-Nodehi, “Testing Ghasemi-Nodehi–Bambi spacetime with continuum-fitting method,” Eur. Phys. J. C, vol. 80, no. 5, p. 405, 2020.

M. Ghasemi-Nodehi, “Iron line reverberation mapping in Ghasemi-Nodehi–Bambi background,” Eur. Phys. J. C, vol. 80, no. 6, p. 529, 2020.

P. C. Freire and N. Wex, “Gravity experiments with radio pulsars,” Living Rev. Relativ., vol. 27, no. 1, p. 5, 2024.

R. Kumar, A. Kumar, and S. G. Ghosh, “Testing rotating regular metrics as candidates for astrophysical black holes,” Astrophys. J., vol. 896, no. 1, p. 89, 2020.

M. Afrin, R. Kumar, and S. G. Ghosh, “Parameter estimation of hairy Kerr black holes from its shadow and constraints from M87,” Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., vol. 504, no. 4, pp. 5927–5940, 2021.

B. O’Neill, The geometry of Kerr black holes. Courier Corporation, 2014.

C. Pfeifer and S. Schuster, “Static spherically symmetric black holes in weak f (T)-gravity,” Universe, vol. 7, no. 5, p. 153, 2021.

M. Levi, “Effective field theories of post-Newtonian gravity: a comprehensive review,” Rep. Prog. Phys., vol. 83, no. 7, p. 075901, 2020.

D. C. Wilkins, “Bound geodesics in the Kerr metric,” Phys. Rev. D, vol. 5, no. 4, p. 814, 1972.

K. Glampedakis and G. Pappas, “Can supermassive black hole shadows test the Kerr metric?,” Phys. Rev. D, vol. 104, no. 8, p. L081503, 2021.

V. Perlick and O. Y. Tsupko, “Calculating black hole shadows: Review of analytical studies,” Phys. Rep., vol. 947, pp. 1–39, 2022.

O. Darrigol, Relativity principles and theories from Galileo to Einstein. Oxford University Press, 2021.

M. Friedman, “Understanding space-time,” 2007.

R. Kerr, “Do black holes have singularities?,” ArXiv Prepr. ArXiv231200841, vol. 10, 2023.

C. Bambi, Black holes: a laboratory for testing strong gravity, vol. 10. Springer, 2017.

C. Lammerzahl, O. Preuss, and H. Dittus, “Is the physics within the Solar system really understood?,” Lasers Clocks Drag-Free Control Explor. Relativistic Gravity Space, pp. 75–101, 2008.

A. B. Shiflet and G. W. Shiflet, Introduction to computational science: modeling and simulation for the sciences. Princeton University Press, 2014.

R. M. Wald, Space, time, and gravity: the theory of the big bang and black holes. University of Chicago Press, 1992.

Z. Xu, X. Hou, X. Gong, and J. Wang, “Black hole space-time in dark matter halo,” J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys., vol. 2018, no. 09, p. 038, 2018.

M. Dafermos, G. Holzegel, I. Rodnianski, and M. Taylor, “The non-linear stability of the Schwarzschild family of black holes,” ArXiv Prepr. ArXiv210408222, 2021.

T. Maudlin, “Relativity and space-time geometry,” in The Routledge Companion to Philosophy of Physics, Routledge, 2021, pp. 61–69.

S. A. Teukolsky, “The kerr metric,” Class. Quantum Gravity, vol. 32, no. 12, p. 124006, 2015.

H. Reichenbach, The philosophy of space and time. Courier Corporation, 2012.

L. Nottale, “Fractal Space-Time, Non-Differentiable Geometry and Scale Relativity,” presented at the Proc. Symposia in Pure Mathematics, Special Volume” Fractal Geometry and Applications: A Jubilee of Benoit Mandelbrot, 2003.

W. Barentsen and P. Nijkamp, “Modelling non-linear processes in time and space,” 1986.

Z.-W. Chong, M. Cvetič, H. Lü, and C. Pope, “Charged rotating black holes in four-dimensional gauged and ungauged supergravities,” Nucl. Phys. B, vol. 717, no. 1–2, pp. 246–271, 2005.

L. Liu and S. P. Kim, “Gravitational and electromagnetic radiations from binary black holes with electric and magnetic charges,” presented at the AIP Conference Proceedings, AIP Publishing, 2024.

R. Torres, “Regular rotating black holes: A review,” ArXiv Prepr. ArXiv220812713, 2022.

E. Kyriakopoulos, “Regular interior solutions to the solution of Kerr which satisfy the weak and the strong energy conditions,” J. Math. Phys., vol. 63, no. 1, 2022.

S. E. Gralla and A. Lupsasca, “Lensing by Kerr black holes,” Phys. Rev. D, vol. 101, no. 4, p. 044031, 2020.

D. Rabounski, “Introducing the Space Metric of a Rotating Massive Body and Four New Effects of General Relativity,” Prog. Phys., vol. 20, 2024.

P. T. Chruściel, M. Maliborski, and N. Yunes, “Structure of the singular ring in Kerr-like metrics,” Phys. Rev. D, vol. 101, no. 10, p. 104048, 2020.

V. Tynianskaia, “Shape of the Kerr gravitational field,” 2021.

N.-C. Popst, “Visualizing General Relativity: Perception of Schwarzschild Black Holes”.

J. M. Bardeen and J. A. Petterson, “The Lense-Thirring effect and accretion disks around Kerr black holes,” Astrophys. J. Lett. V 195 P L65, vol. 195, p. L65, 1975.


Full Text: PDF

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24815/jn.v25i2.43643

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.