Understanding of Junior High School Students in Banda Aceh City About Traffic Signs, and the Obligation to Have A Driving Permit

The purpose of this study is to describe the understanding of junior high school students in Banda Aceh City about traffic signs and the obligation to have a driving license. The focus of this research: 1). How do students understand about traffic signs. (2) How is the student's understanding of the obligation to have a driver's license for motorists. Research using qualitative descriptive method. The research subjects for junior high school students in Banda Aceh City were 14 students. Research subjects are determined arbitrarily according to research needs. Data collection techniques using free interviews where students can be found. The results of the study used narrative analysis of all interview results through three stages, data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. The results of the study showed that: (1) Banda Aceh Junior High School students' understanding of traffic signs was still low. Many students still do not understand traffic sign symbols. (2) The understanding of junior high school students in Banda Aceh City regarding the obligation to have a SIM in general is good, but students who become their informants say they do not have a SIM, and they are forced to use motorized vehicles for school due to the distance from where they live to school and their parents. permit driving a motorized vehicle to school to make it easier for parents of students to shuttle from home to school and vice versa. This research should be continued with parents regarding education in the family, especially regarding aspects of traffic according to applicable regulations.


INTRODUCTION
Public unrest regarding drivers who use motorized vehicles is increasing every day. The increase in drivers using motorized vehicles is also closely related to the increasing number of violators by motorized vehicle drivers in traffic. Many phenomena can be seen, whether parents, young people, and even many school students who ride motorbikes not according to traffic rules. In this regard, Sarajiman and Diah Ratu Sari (2014: 41) wrote "given the large number of motorized vehicles, especially motorbikes, which have quite alarming social impacts, such as congestion, pollution, waste of fuel, to traffic violations that can cause accidents." traffic".
Many motorized vehicle drivers perform actions that are outside the rules of driving. There were even behaviors that clearly violated traffic rules, whether they were driving a car or riding a motorbike. Many behaviors were found that were not in accordance with traffic rules, including: 1) the presence of car or motorbike drivers running through red lights. 2) the large number of motorized vehicle drivers who park their vehicles in places where parking is prohibited such as on pedestrian sidewalks or even on the road. 3) There are still many people driving vehicles in the opposite direction in places where it is not permissible to turn the vehicle around. 4). There are also many motorized vehicle drivers who are not correct or do not use the flashlight to mark the symbol to turn left or right.
Drivers of motorized vehicles, as described above, are clearly violating the law, in this case, of course, violating traffic rules. The tendency of violations committed by the community is also inseparable from the low socialization and law enforcement actions in the field by law enforcement and other factors. In this regard, Soerjono Sukanto (2007: 8) explains "Law enforcement of traffic violations is heavily influenced by factors, namely: 1) the legal factor itself, 2) law enforcement factors, namely the parties that form and apply the law. , 3) factors of facilities or facilities that support law enforcement, 4) factors of society where the law applies or is applied, 5) cultural factors, namely as work, creativity and taste, which are based on human initiative in social life ". In this case, what is closely related to law enforcement for traffic matters is the role of the traffic police (POLANTAS) in raiding and arresting people who violate traffic rules.
There are still many phenomena mentioned above if detailed, but this paper does not try to explain these phenomena. The above phenomenon is only to reveal that the users of motorized vehicles have not complied with traffic rules. And what is even more important to reveal is that many motorized vehicle users still do not have a driving license (SIM). According to the rules, drivers are allowed to drive if they already have a driver's license, but what is very worrying is that many underage students, especially junior high school students, cannot legally issue a driver's license (SIM), but in the field we find many students driving the motorcycle does not have a driver's license and violates traffic rules.
In fact, what is very ironic is that the drivers are still in the category of children, both those wearing Junior High School (SMP) student uniforms, and there are even children wearing Elementary School (SD) uniforms. It is certain that the child does not have a driver's license. This is because Law No. 22 of 2009 article 77 paragraph 1 reads "Everyone who drives a motorized vehicle on the road is required to have a driving license according to the type of motorized vehicle being driven". And in Law no. 22 of 2009 article 82 paragraph 2 states "The age requirement as referred to in paragraph (1) is determined at the lowest in point a). 17 (seventeen) years of age for driving license A, driving license C, and driving license D". In this article it is clear that the lowest age for which a driver's license can be issued is 17 years old, so naturally elementary and junior high school students should not ride a motorcycle to school because the rules have not allowed them to drive motorized vehicles.
In a social perspective, when a social phenomenon does not run ideally, it is certain that social problems will occur. There is a social component that is wrong or not working within the social system itself. The author himself predicts that the error is not only in one component, but in many components. A student or student, when going to school on a motorbike, in this case the fault can be directed directly at: 1) the student's parents, 2) the school, and 3) the police. Parents allowing children to ride their own motorcycle is a mistake. The school's permission for children to bring their own motorbikes to school is also a mistake. Polantas let children or students ride motorbikes for those who do not have a SIM is also a mistake.
Middle school students who ride motorbikes while wearing school uniforms is a more interesting problem to be studied further. One of the phenomena is caused by many parents who have an established economy, tend to facilitate motorbikes for their children and drive them to school themselves. Then the school itself seemed unable to stem the desire of students and parents to be allowed to bring motorbikes to school. Almost all junior high schools in Banda Aceh have even provided special parking lots for student vehicles. So at a glance it can be interpreted that parents and the school legalized violations of the law in the form of violations of Article 81 paragraph 2 of Law No. 22 of 2009. Likewise for law enforcers, in this case the traffic police, who do not prevent students from riding motorbikes to school.
Meanwhile, students who are still teenagers, if there is nothing prohibiting them tend to perceive things as not forbidden. Or students who know that the prohibition they are doing is not taking any action from law enforcement, then their tendency to violate it will be even higher. In this regard Sudarsono (1990), explains "the tendency of adolescents to violate the law can be explained through their motivation to obey the law itself". In the same context, it can also be seen from the writings of Calhoun and Aocella (2007) who wrote "in obedience theory, a person's obedient behavior can arise due to several factors, namely: there are clear consequences for disobedience, there is hope of achieving certain conditions, trust in authorities , and respect or like that authority figure or party.
One of the points in Calhoun and Acocella's writing above can be interpreted that if law enforcers do not provide consequences for violating the law, then by itself the law breakers will become increasingly rampant in violating the law. The writings of Calhoun and Aocella also provide an explanation that there is no reason whatsoever if you do not want the law to be violated, so there is no need to adopt policies that cause violations of the law. To connect the above problems with phenomena that exist in social reality, the authors try to look at the condition of students who attend SMP Kota Banda Aceh as motorbike users who legally do not have a driving permit as the research target.
The existence of the author's idea to research students regarding the problems above was based on research conducted by Fitria Wulandari (2015) who concluded that "Samarinda Health Vocational School students still do not know about how to make a SIM through the exam route with the correct procedure. Many of them got their SIMs through "incorrect routes", which cost Rp. 250,000 to Rp. 350,000, and it only took 4-6 hours for the SIM to be made. Furthermore Fitria Wulandari (2015) explains that "students' lack of curiosity about traffic signs results in a lack of understanding of traffic signs".
Based on the background above, this paper focuses on how Banda Aceh junior high school students understand driver's licenses and students' understanding of traffic signs. The aims of this study were: (1) to describe how the junior high school students in Banda Aceh understand the obligation to have a driver's license as a driving requirement.
(2) to describe the understanding of junior high school students in Banda Aceh about traffic signs.

RESEARCH METHODS
This type of descriptive research with a qualitative approach is an option to reveal students' understanding of driver's licenses and traffic signs. Qualitative research is conducted to build knowledge through understanding and discovery (Moleong, 2007). Qualitative research approach is a process of research and understanding based on methods that investigate a social phenomenon and human problems. In this study the researcher also made a complete picture, examined the words conveyed, detailed reports from the views of respondents and conducted studies in natural situations. Iskandar (2013:11) Given that this study aims to understand and interpret various phenomena that exist or occur in reality as a characteristic of qualitative research, in this case how junior high school students understand having a driving license and understand traffic signs, the researcher uses a descriptive method with qualitative approach. Besides that, qualitative research was carried out with several considerations, firstly, adjusting qualitative methods is easier when dealing with multiple realities; second, this method presents a direct relationship between the researcher and the respondent; third, this method is more sensitive and more adaptable to the many sharpenings of shared influence and to the patterns of values encountered. Moleong (2007:5) Related to the steps Bogdan and Taylor explained that qualitative research methodology is a research procedure that produces descriptive data in the form of written or spoken words from people and observable behavior. In qualitative research, a researcher talks directly to and observes several people, and interacts for several months to study the background, habits, behavior and physical and mental characteristics of the people being studied. Bogdan and Biklen suggest that the characteristics of qualitative research are: (1) natural, (2) descriptive data not numbers, (3) inductive data analysis, and (4) meaning is very important in qualitative research. Robert C. Bogdan and Sari Knop Biklen (1982:28) Research on the understanding of junior high school (SMP) students to have a driving license and understand traffic signs at SMP Kota Banda Aceh is very relevant using qualitative research because it fulfills the characteristics of qualitative research, especially in terms of in-depth disclosure of data through interviews, observation and document review of what the informants did, how students can understand the obligation to have a driving license (SIM) and understand traffic signs that have been determined by the Traffic Police (POLANTAS).

OF RESEARCH AND DISCUSSION
In this study, from the initial observations to the final observations in the field, according to the researchers, there were a number of very concerning cases where many of the Banda Aceh City Middle School students rode motorbikes to school without being accompanied by their parents, who were their main responsibility.
In Article 81 paragraphs 1 and 2 of Law No. 22 of 2009 concerning road traffic and transportation regulations it has been stated that the minimum age for a citizen to have a driving license (SIM), this is the government's effort to create an orderly society to improve discipline traffic people. However, in reality there are many people who violate the traffic rules, especially minors, especially elementary and junior high school students. Likewise with Banda Aceh City Middle School students, including minors who are not yet allowed to have a driver's license and drive a motorcycle.

Understanding of Banda Aceh City Middle School students about Having a Driving License
Basically, if you look at it as a whole, students at SMP Kota Banda Aceh who have a driver's license (SIM), do not meet the requirements for having a SIM in accordance with the provisions of the regulations in force, because all of their students are still under 17 years of age. As written in Law no. 22 of 2009 explained that "To obtain or have a driving license (SIM), prospective drivers must have the competence to drive a motorcycle or other things that can be obtained through education and training or by self-learning." "And the minimum age requirement is 17 (seventeen) years old for driving license A, driving license C, and driving license D".
That someone who wants to have a SIM must be at least 17 years old, be able to drive properly and correctly as evidenced by a skill test and understand traffic signs with a written test carried out at the police station in the area of domicile according to the identity card (KTP) concerned . The hope of this is done so that it can reduce the number of accidents and can increase awareness and discipline in obeying traffic signs. However, based on the results of observations and interviews with several SMP students in Banda Aceh City, they are still very minimal in terms of understanding the requirements for having a driver's license (SIM) and moreover they are still not in accordance with the applicable legal provisions to have a SIM.
Based on Law no. 22 of 2009 which in terms of the manufacturing process to have a driver's license (SIM) must follow a procedural skills test in understanding components related to traffic signs and the same goes for a written test, in obtaining a SIM the most important provision is that a citizen must aged at least 17 years or more and proven by having a KTP. Apart from that, you also have to arrange a certificate of physical and mental health that has been determined by the relevant doctor. And when arranging a SIM, you must pay a fee to the party concerned which has been determined which may not be represented by another person in accordance with applicable regulations.
So from the above procedure it can be understood that a junior high school student or equivalent still cannot have a driving license (SIM) regardless of the type and class because he is still under 17 years of age. Likewise with Banda Aceh City Middle School students after the researchers conducted interviews with several classes at the school they revealed that they did not understand at all related to the procedure for making a SIM and how to get a SIM because there was no party from anywhere to socialize the procedure for making or being able to have a SIM and understand traffic signs, although among SMP students in Banda Aceh City they have already been able to ride motorbikes to school without having a driver's license and understand traffic signs.
But among them, even though they don't have a SIM, they still ride motorbikes to school on the grounds that it makes it easier for them to get to school without being tied to their parents and access to public transportation is very limited with the distance to school. Likewise parents of students who allow their children to ride motorbikes to school regardless of what will happen to their children if they have an accident without being aware of by all parties, both parents, students and even the school can be part of being responsible for the accident cases experienced. by students.

Banda Aceh City Junior High School students' understanding of rules and traffic signs
In schools, a lot of material is taught, but it is still not maximally implemented directly in the daily lives of students, whether it is related to the long term or the short term. Basically the school prioritizes learning in accordance with the applicable curriculum and syllabus, but apart from that there is still very little other learning that students get. One of them is a traffic sign. Traffic signs are parts of road equipment containing symbols, letters, numbers, sentences and/or a combination of them, which are used to give warnings, prohibitions, orders and instructions for road users. (Regulation of the Minister of Transportation Number 13 of 2014).
Traffic signs are the main device in a traffic control system which basically functions to regulate and protect so that all traffic can run smoothly, orderly, safely and safely to their destination. In general, understanding of traffic signs is mostly only obtained through printed books, mass media and internet media where it is still very rare among all students who are interested in reading or just getting information about traffic signs. If among them use the internet in terms of access to understand and learn about traffic signs, and this can be done by students at school or at home if the teacher gives a special assignment in terms of understanding these traffic signs, outside of the tasks required by teacher, students are more interested in other things.
Many of the students do not understand the knowledge of traffic signs, so that there will be many violations and the rate of accidents will increase every day, because violations of these traffic signs can occur from students to society in general, and from data from previous research presentations, the group that experienced the most road accidents was among students starting from the elementary and junior high school levels where they did not know about traffic signs on the road.
There are several groups of traffic signs that must be understood, namely: a) Command signs, where these signs direct road users to declare orders and must carry them out according to predetermined directions on the streets, and may not contradict the applicable provisions. For example, there is a stipulation "Turn left, go straight ahead." This is a stipulation that directs orders and you may not stop on the left side of the road, even though you are in a position at a red light. b) Prohibition signs, used by road users where things are prohibited and may not be done by road users. For example, road users may not park their vehicles on small roads or may not stop even for a short time on a road that has been given prohibition signs. c) Directional Signs, where these signs direct instructions to road users regarding destinations, roads, situations, cities, places, arrangements, facilities and others for road users. For example the instructions "turn left", "turn right", "go up the incline", "down the incline", as well as the destination of the city which directs how far the distance to go to that place is. And all of that already has signs that redefine the provisions of the guideline. d) Warning Signs, are used to express warnings of danger or more precisely the obligation to be careful on the roads that we will take in front of us. For example, if there is a road that is undergoing repairs, there will be a warning for road users to be more careful and pay attention so that unwanted accidents do not occur.
So from the several groups of traffic signs above, it is a general description that must be understood by someone who crosses the road where there has been a provision for traffic signs to be installed by the relevant agencies in collaboration with the police so that road users avoid accidents where there are still almost every day ongoing cases.

CONCLUSION
The results of the research are based on what the author has summarized with the presentation and has described the understanding of Banda Aceh City Middle School students' obligation to have a Driving License (SIM) and understanding of traffic signs, including, namely: a) None of the Banda Aceh City Middle School students have a driver's license (SIM), which is because they are still underage with the legal requirement to have a driver's license that they must be at least 17 years old and already have an identity card (KTP) to the main requirements in terms of managing or making a SIM. b) Parents of junior high school students in Banda Aceh City allow their children to use motorbikes to school where the school has basically banned their students and instructed parents of students not to use motorbikes alone to school without being accompanied by their parents. On the pretext of the reason that the distance from home to school is that there are no vehicles, public facilities are inadequate and so are parents of students who don't want to be complicated to pick up their children. c) Concerning the understanding of traffic signs knowledge, SMP Kota Banda Aceh students do not get maximum information at school but can be obtained through books, mass media and internet media, so with this it causes all students not to be independent in understanding the traffic signs these traffic signs so that many of them have accidents on the road outside the supervision of the parents of students and the school itself is the first party responsible for the condition of students in understanding traffic signs so they don't ride motorbikes outside the provisions of applicable law. d) Basically students are also required to understand the 4 categories of traffic signs that have been determined by the Minister of Transportation Regulation Number 13 of 2014, where traffic signs are part of road equipment that contains symbols, letters, numbers, sentences and/or or a combination of them, to road users to provide 4 kinds of symbols, namely Warnings, Prohibitions, Commands and Instructions so that road users can be more careful and obey the rules of traffic signs.

SUGGESTION
Based on the results of the study, it can be stated that students' understanding of SMP Kota Banda Aceh regarding the obligation to have a driver's license (SIM) and understand traffic signs is very minimal because students basically among them still do not have a driving license (SIM) and also do not understand properly maximum what are traffic signs. The lack of outreach to students at school affects the actions of students violating traffic rules so that they without feeling guilty dare to ride motorbikes to school. So from this it is our obligation, both the school and as parents of students to direct them not to be allowed to ride motorbikes if they still do not have a SIM and understand traffic signs properly and correctly.
In particular, junior high school in Banda Aceh City which is a formal educational institution with the obligation to educate students on positive things so that they do not ride motorcycles before they are over 17 years old which is the main requirement for students to be able to have a driving license (SIM). Likewise, understanding traffic signs is required from now on so they can understand it before they take care of the obligation to have a driving license (SIM).