Contribution of feed supplementation to zootechnic performance of African dwarf sheep in West Africa: A review
Abstract
Like gasoline is essential for a combustion engine, feed is indispensable for animals. Besides the main feed, a supplemental diet is essential, even indispensable, to help animals reach optimal production in the ruminant feeding and nutrition system. The main objective of this review was to summarize the research performed across the West Africa area on diet supplementation for African dwarf sheep. By examining some scientific articles published from 2010 to 2021, identified mainly from Scilit, Google Scholar, Elsevier, Springer Nature, PubMed, AJOL, and Scirp, we identified more than 43 feed supplements made from more than 96 local ingredients grouped into 54 agricultural and industrial by-products, seven minerals and vitamins, four fodders, and four binders and other ingredients such as enzymes. The nutritional content of most of those feed supplements based on their crude protein, crude fiber, ash, calcium, phosphorus, and gross energy contents meet recommended standards of NRC. The digestibility of the nutritional component of the feed supplement fluctuates from 20.90% (organic matter) to 94.85% (ether extract). They enabled a good average daily gain (37.03 g to 100 ga good feed conversion ratio (4.62 to 13.73). The review shows that it is possible to achieve acceptable zootechnical performance using feed supplements made with local ingredients available in each West African country.
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Amin, A.B., S. Mao. 2021. Influence of yeast on rumen fermentation, growth performance and quality of products in ruminants: A review. Animal nutrition, 7(1): 31–41.
Antwi, C., P. Anderson, A. S Anim-Jnr, M. Kiryowa, A. E. Ayano, A. Donkoh. 2020. Intake, digestibility and nitrogen balance of sheep fed bambara groundnut haulm as supplement to a maize stover basal diet. Scientific African, 8(2): 03–08.
Aregheore, E. M. 2000. Chemical composition and nutritive value of some tropical by-product feedstuffs for small ruminants—In vivo and in vitro digestibility. Animal Feed Science And Technology, 85(2): 99–109.
Asaolu, V. O., J. A. Akinlade, O. A. Aderinola, A. T. Okewoye, J. A. Alalade. 2012. Performance of grazing West African Dwarf goats on moringa multinutrient block supplementation. Asian Journal of Animal Sciences, 6(6): 263–267.
Aye, P. A. 2013. Growth performance, physiological and haematological parameters of West African Dwarf sheep fed Panicum-cassava peels supplemented with or without Leucaena-based multi-nutrient blocks. American Journal of Food Nutrition, 3(3): 135–146.
Aye, P. A. 2016. Feed intake, performance and nutrient utilization of West African Dwarf (WAD) sheep fed Panicum maximum and cassava peels supplemented with Moringa oleifera, Gmelina arborea and Tithonia diversifolia based multinutrient blocks. Scholars Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, 3(2): 147–154.
Aye, P. A., M. K. Adegun. 2010. Digestibility and growth in West African dwarf sheep fed Gliricidia-based multinutrient block supplements. Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America, 1(6): 1133–1139.
Aye, P. A., O. M. Tawose. 2016. Physiological responses of West African Dwarf sheep fed graded levels of Gmelina arborea leaves and cassava peel concentrates under different management systems. Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America, 7(4): 185–195.
Babatoundé, S., M. F. Houndonougbo, A. B. Aboh, M. J. D. Bahini, A. Guédou. 2016. Valeur nutritive des blocs multi nutritionnels et des pierres à lécher disponibles chez les éleveurs formés par le PPAAO au Bénin. Bulletin de la Recherche Agronomique du Bénin, (79): 38–42.
Beames, R. M. 1963. Provision of urea to cattle in a salt/urea/molasses block. Queensland Journal of Agricultural Science, 20, 213–230.
Beigh, Y. A., A. M. Ganai, H. A. Ahmad. 2017. Prospects of complete feed system in ruminant feeding: A review. Veterinary world, 10(4): 424-437
Chen, Y.-H., C.-Y. Chen, H.-T Wang. 2022. The Effect of Forage Source and Concentrated Liquid Feedstuff Supplementation on Improving the Synchronization of Ruminant Dietary Energy and Nitrogen Release In Vitro. Fermentation, 8(9): 1-16.
Cherdthong, A., R. Prachumchai, M. Wanapat, S. Foiklang, P. Chanjula. 2019. Effects of supplementation with royal poinciana seed meal (Delonix regia) on ruminal fermentation pattern, microbial protein synthesis, blood metabolites and mitigation of methane emissions in native Thai beef cattle. Animals, 9(9): 1-11.
Coleman, D. N., A. C. Carranza Martin, Y. Jin, K. Lee, A. E Relling. 2019. Prepartum fatty acid supplementation in sheep. IV. Effect of calcium salts with eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid in the maternal and finishing diet on lamb liver and adipose tissue during the lamb finishing period. Journal of Animal Science, 97(7): 3071–3088.
Dejene, M., R. M. Dixon, K. B. Walsh, D. McNeill, S. Seyoum, A. J. Duncan. 2022. High-cut harvesting of maize stover and genotype choice can provide improved feed for ruminants and stubble for conservation agriculture. Agronomy Journal, 114(1): 187–200.
Dimon, E., Y. Toukourou, A. A. Seidou, H. Sanni Worogo, A. H. Soule, I. A. Traore. 2020. Performances zoo-économiques des ovins Djallonké complémentés avec la feuille de Moringa oleifera au Centre du Bénin. Afrique Science, 16(5): 189–202.
Distel, R. A., J. I. Arroquy, S. Lagrange, J. J. Villalba. 2020. Designing diverse agricultural pastures for improving ruminant production systems. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 4: 1–18.
Dokui, F., S. Babatoundé, F.M. Houndonougbo, F. Amoule, C.A.A.M Chrysostome. 2023. The effect of locally based and imported lick stones on the growth and economic productivity of African dwarf sheep during the dry season in Benin. Veterinary Research Notes, 3(4): 22.
Ebrahimi, S. H. 2020. Feeding complete concentrate pellets containing ground grains or blend of steam-flaked grains and other concentrate ingredients in ruminant nutrition–a review. Annals of Animal Science, 20(1): 11–28.
Ehling, S., S. Tefera, I. P. Ho. 2007. High-performance liquid chromatographic method for the simultaneous detection of the adulteration of cereal flours with melamine and related triazine by-products ammeline, ammelide, and cyanuric acid. Food Additives and Contaminants, 24(12): 1319–1325.
Feldsine, P., C. Abeyta, W. H. Andrews. 2002. AOAC International methods committee guidelines for validation of qualitative and quantitative food microbiological official methods of analysis. Journal of AOAC international, 85(5): 1187–1200.
Gabriel, O. S., A. N. Fajemisin, D. E. Onyekachi. 2018. Nutrients digestibility, nitrogen balance and blood profile of West African Dwarf (WAD) goats fed cassava peels with urea-molasses multi-nutrient block (UMMB) supplements. Asian Research Journal of Agriculture, 9(4): 1–11.
Gadzama, I. U., I. D. Mohammed, S. M. Yashim, S. B. Abdu, S. O. Ereke. 2016. Quality assessment of Dusa-rice bran multi-nutrient block (DRMB) in a semi-arid environment of north east Nigeria. Journal of Animal Production Research, 28(1): 33–48.
Girish, P. S., P. Baswa Reddy, C. Ramakrishna, Y. Ramana Reddy. 2012. Effect of nutrient supplementation on growth performance and carcass characteristics of Nellore ram lambs-An on-farm evaluation study. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences, (12): 1601–1602.
Haloi, S., R. Bhuyan, L. Borah, B. N. Saikia. 2021. Complete feed block as a mode of enhancing ruminant production: A review. Indian Journal Animal Health, 60(1): 10–15.
Houndonougbo, M. F., A. Chwalibog, C.A.A.M Chrysostome. 2012. Effect of processing on feed quality and bio-economic performances of broiler chickens in Benin. International Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 1(2): 47–54.
Idowu, O. J., O. M. Arigbede, P. A. Dele, J. A. Olanite, O. O. Adelusi, V. O. Ojo, A. S. Sunmola. 2013. Nutrients intake, performance and nitrogen balance of West African Dwarf sheep fed graded levels of toasted Enterolobium cyclocarpum seeds as supplement to Panicum maximum. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 16(23): 1806–1810.
Jiwuba, P.-D. C., L. C. Jiwuba, M. U. Onyekwere. 2018. Growth performance, haematology and serum biochemistry of West African Dwarf sheep fed cassava peel-oil palm leaf meal based diets in a hot humid tropics. Agricultura, 14(2): 37–44.
Kırkpınar, F., Z.Açıkgöz. 2018. Animal Husbandry and Nutrition. Animal Husbandry and Nutrition. IntechOpen.
Knapp, J. R., G. L. Laur, P. A. Vadas, W. P. Weiss, J. M. Tricarico, 2014. Invited review: Enteric methane in dairy cattle production: Quantifying the opportunities and impact of reducing emissions. Journal of Dairy Science, 97(6): 3231–3261.
Leng, R. A. 1984. The potential of solidified molasses-based blocks for the correction of multinutritional deficiencies in buffaloes and other ruminants fed low-quality agro-industrial byproducts. In The use of nuclear techniques to improve domestic buffalo production in Asia 16: 135–150. International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).
Li, B., X. Sun, Q. Huo, G. Zhang, T. Wu, P. You, Y. He, W. Tian, R. Li, C. Li. 2021. Pelleting of a total mixed ration affects growth performance of fattening lambs. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 8: 1–13.
Malisetty, V., R. R. Yerradoddi 2013. Effect of concentrate supplementation on growth and carcass characteristics in grazing ram lambs. International Journal of Food, Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, 3(1): 43–48.
Menke, K. H. 1988. Estimation of the energetic feed value obtained from chemical analysis and in vitro gas production using rumen fluid. Animal research and development, 28: 7–55.
Meyer, C., Faye, B., H. Karembe 2004. Guide de l’élevage du mouton méditerranéen et tropical. CEVA Santé animale.
Montcho, M., S. Babatounde, A. B. Aboh, M. J. D. Bahini, C.A.A.M. Chrysostome, G. A. Mensah. 2016. Caractéristiques physiques et nutritionnelles des blocs multi nutritionnels fabriqués à partir des sous-produits agricoles et agroindustriels du Bénin. International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences, 10(6): 2485–2496.
Montcho, M., C.A.A. Chrysostome, G.A. Mensah. 2016. Valeur nutritive des blocs multi nutritionnels et des pierres à lécher disponibles chez les éleveurs formés par le PPAAO au Bénin. Bulletin de la Recherche Agronomique du Bénin, 40: 35–42.
Nantoumé, H. 2020. Sheep Feeding in the Sahel Countries of Africa. IntechOpen, Croatia.
Negewo, T., S. Melaku, B. Asmare, A. Tolera. 2018. Performance of Arsi-Bale sheep fed urea treated maize cob as basal diet and supplemented with graded levels of concentrate mixture. Tropical animal health and production, 50(6): 1209–1217.
Noziere, P., D. Sauvant, L. Delaby. 2018. Alimentation des ayeruminants (4th edition.). Versailles, France: Editions Quae.
NRC. 2007. Nutrient Requirements of Small Ruminants: Sheep, Goats, Cervids, and New World Camelids. The National Academies Press, Washington.
Olamilusi, O. D., J. D. Olotu, O. O. Eniolorunda. 2019. Dry matter acceptability and digestibility of nutrient by West African dwarf Rams fed polyenzyme treated cassava peel and corn cob based diets. Nigerian Journal of Animal Production, 46(2): 202–208.
Olaniyi, T. A., A. B. J. Aina, O. S. Sowande, T. J. Williams. 2018. Influence of dietary mineral sources on milk yield and composition of West African Dwarf Does. Agricultural Science and Practice, 3(1): 19–26.
Osita, C. O., A. O. Ani, C. Ezema, C. E. Oyeagu, I. E. Uzochukwu, I. E. Ezemagu. 2018. Hematological and biochemical Indices of West African Dwarf Sheep fed diets containing yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), grass, grass/legume (50: 50) and legume. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 18(1): 34–41.
Pinotti, L., A. Luciano, M. Ottoboni, M. Manoni, L. Ferrari, D. Marchis, M. Tretola. 2021. Recycling food leftovers in feed as opportunity to increase the sustainability of livestock production. Journal of Cleaner Production, 294(2): 1–14.
Quanwei, L., W. Feng, W. Limin, H. Lili, S. Ruiping, X. Manping, Z. Xinli. 2019. Effect of pelleted total mixed ration on production performance and serum biochemical index of Growin Hainan Black goats. Animal Husbandry and Feed Science, 11(1): 19–31.
Reddy, P. B., P. S. Girish, C. Ramakrishna, N. Kondaiah, Y. R. Reddy. 2018. Improving Meat Productivity of Sheep under Smallholder System in India with Crop Residues Based Complete Feed. Indian Journal of Animal Nutrition, 35(1): 125–128.
Salami, S. A., G. Luciano, M. N. O’Grady, L. Biondi, C. J. Newbold, J. P. Kerry, A. Priolo. 2019. Sustainability of feeding plant by-products: A review of the implications for ruminant meat production. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 251(4): 37–55.
Sargison, N. D. 2020. The critical importance of planned small ruminant livestock health and production in addressing global challenges surrounding food production and poverty alleviation. New Zealand Veterinary Journal, 68(3): 136–144.
Sofyan, A., A. Irawan, H. Herdian, M. A. Harahap, A. A. Sakti, A. E. Suryani, H. Novianty, T. Kurniawan, I.N.G. Darma, A. Windarsih. 2022. Effects of various macroalgae species on methane production, rumen fermentation, and ruminant production: A meta-analysis from in vitro and in vivo experiments. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 294(12): 1–10.
Tolera, A., F. Sundstøl. 2000. Supplementation of graded levels of Desmodium intortum hay to sheep feeding on maize stover harvested at three stages of maturity: 1. Feed intake, digestibility and body weight change. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 85(3–4): 239–257.
Ungerfeld, E. M. 2015. Shifts in metabolic hydrogen sinks in the methanogenesis-inhibited ruminal fermentation: a meta-analysis. Frontiers in Microbiology, 6 :1-17.
Vagnoni, E., A. Franca, L. Breedveld, C. Porqueddu, Ferrara, R., P. Duce. 2015. Environmental performances of Sardinian dairy sheep production systems at different input levels. Science of the Total Environment, 502(1): 354–361.
Van Soest, P. van, J. B. Robertson, B. A. Lewis. 1991. Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science, 74(10): 3583–3597.
Wilkinson, J. M., M. R. F. Lee. 2018. Use of human-edible animal feeds by ruminant livestock. Animal, 12(8): 1735–1743.
Yahya, M. M., N. M. Haruna, M. A. Ahmed. 2022. Formulation and cost assessment of three protein lick block supplements in Adamawa State. Nigerian Journal of Animal Production, 49(3): 294–300.
Zou, T., P. He, A. Yasen, Z. Li. 2013. Determination of seven synthetic dyes in animal feeds and meat by high performance liquid chromatography with diode array and tandem mass detectors. Food chemistry, 138(2–3): 1742–1748.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.13170/ajas.8.3.31435
Article Metrics
Abstract view : 0 timesPDF - 0 times
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
DETAIL VISITORS STATISTIC COUNTER CLICK HERE
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution - 4.0 International Public License (CC - BY 4.0).