The Role of Organizational Citizenship Behavior in Mediating the Relationship between Servant Leadership and Job Satisfaction on the Performance of Civil Servants in Aceh Province, Indonesia
Abstract
Purpose –This research purposes to explore the impact of servant leadership and job satisfaction on the performance of civil servants in the Indonesian language pegawai negeri sipil (PNS). Moreover, we also examine the role of organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB) as a mediator of the association with the servant leadership and the job satisfaction on the performance of civil servants.
Design/Methodology –We used simple random sampling techniques and selected 210 respondents. The data was examined by the partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) method with the help of software SmartPLS.
Results –The study results to show partially the servant leadership, the OCB and the job satisfaction significantly impact to the civil servant performance. Servant leadership significantly influences civil servant performance. In addition, OCB acts as a mediator in the relationship between servant leadership and job satisfaction on civil servant performance.
Research limitations –The results obtained should be interpreted with alert because they are confined to the specific geographical area along with the nature of the respondents selected.
Implications –The results reported in this study can guide the management to be able to increase the performance of civil servants via enhanced roles of servant leadership (SL), job satisfaction (JS) and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB).
Novelty/Originality –The study proves the role of OCB as complementary mediation, especially in the context of civil servants in Indonesia.Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Abdeen, T. H. I., & Khalil, M. R. M. (2023). The Mediating Effect of Job Satisfaction on the Relationship between Digital Connectivity and Job Performance. Open Journal of Business and Management, 11(06), 3539–3574. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojbm.2023.116193
Aboramadan, M., Dahleez, K., & Hamad, M. H. (2020). Servant leadership and academics outcomes in higher education: the role of job satisfaction. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 29(3), 562–584. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOA-11-2019-1923
Abubakar, A. M., Elrehail, H., Alatailat, M. A., & Elçi, A. (2019). Knowledge management, decision-making style and organizational performance. Journal of Innovation and Knowledge, 4(2), 104–114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2017.07.003
Afaq, A., Sajid, M. A., & Arshad, A. (2017). Examining the Impact of Servant Leadership on Teachers’ Job Satisfaction. Pakistan Business Review, 18(4), 1031–1047. https://doi.org/10.22555/pbr.v18i4.1124
Al-Mahdy, Y. F. H., Al-Harthi, A. S., & El-Din, N. S. S. (2016). Perceptions of School Principals’ Servant Leadership and Their Teachers’ Job Satisfaction in Oman. Leadership and Policy in Schools, 15(4), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1080/15700763.2015.1047032
Albert, M. N., & Lazzari Dodeler, N. (2022). From an association of individuals to communities of persons: how to foster complexity to understand diversity in organizations. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 35(8), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1108/JOCM-01-2021-0026
Alkhayyal, S., & Bajaba, S. (2024). Acta Psychologica Countering technostress in virtual work environments : The role of work-based learning and digital leadership in enhancing employee. Acta Psychologica, 248(June), 104377. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104377
Alonderiene, R., & Majauskaite, M. (2016). Leadership Style and Job Satisfaction in Higher Education Institutions. International Journal of Educational Management, 30(1), 140–164. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEM-08-2014-0106
Alqhaiwi, Z. O. (2024). A bright side to unethical pro-organizational behavior: Improving work performance by satisfying psychological needs. Journal of Business Research, 184(August), 114879. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2024.114879
Ampofo, E. T. (2020). Mediation effects of job satisfaction and work engagement on the relationship between organisational embeddedness and affective commitment among frontline employees of star–rated hotels in Accra. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 44(June), 253–262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2020.06.002
Andrew, S. A., & León-Cázares, F. (2015). Mediating Effects of Organizational Citizenship Behavior on Organizational Performance: Empirical Analysis of Public Employees in Guadalajara, Mexico. EconoQuantum, 12(2), 71–92.
Arifin, S., & Narmaditya, B. S. (2024). Fostering employee performance of civil servants. Journal of Human Resource Management, 22(0).
Asgari, A., Mezginejad, S., & Taherpour, F. (2020). The Role of Leadership Styles in Organizational Citizenship Behavior through the Mediation of Perceived Organizational Support and Job Satisfaction. Innovar, 30(75), 87–97. https://doi.org/10.15446/innovar.v30n75.83259
Assefa, Y., Tadesse, B., & Ahmad, S. (2024). Heliyon The mediating role of leader-member exchange ( LMX ) in the structural relationship between organizational justice and employee voice behaviour in higher education. Heliyon, 10(4), e26242. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26242
Astuty, I., & Prabowo, S. W. (2021). Improving the Performance of Civil Servants: Evidence in Grobogan Regency, Indonesia. 4th International Conference on Sustainable Innovation 2020-Accounting and Management (ICoSIAMS 2020), 38–43.
Bogler, R., & Somech, A. (2023). Organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) above and beyond: Teachers’ OCB during COVID-19. Teaching and Teacher Education, 130, 104183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2023.104183
Buil, I., Catal, S., & Bitri, P. (2024). Gamification in workforce training : Improving employees ’ self-efficacy and information security and data protection behaviours. 179(March). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2024.114685
Buil, I., Martínez, E., & Matute, J. (2019). Transformational leadership and employee performance: The role of identification, engagement and proactive personality. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 77(October 2017), 64–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2018.06.014
Bundtzen, H. (2020). Adapting Herzberg’s Motivation-Hygiene Theory to a VUCA World – A Repertory Grid Study. European Journal of Economics and Business Studies, 6(3), 145. https://doi.org/10.26417/914kzv77e
Canavesi, A., & Minelli, E. (2022). Servant Leadership: a Systematic Literature Review and Network Analysis. Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal, 34(3), 267–289. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10672-021-09381-3
Cepeda Carrión, G., Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Roldán, J. L. (2016). Prediction-oriented modeling in business research by means of PLS path modeling: Introduction to a JBR special section. Journal of Business Research, 69(10), 4545–4551. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2016.03.048
Chin, W. W., Peterson, R. A., & Brown, S. P. (2008). Structural Equation Modeling in Marketing: Some Practical Reminders. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 16(4), 287–298. https://doi.org/10.2753/MTP1069-6679160402
Creswell, J. w. ;, & Clark, V. L. P. (2016). Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research. In Organizational Research Methods (Vol. 12, Issue 4). https://login.proxy.libraries.rutgers.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com.proxy.libraries.rutgers.edu/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=44386156&site=ehost-live
Dahlia. (2020). Flattening Indonesia ’ S Bureaucratic Structure : a Literature Review on the. Jurnal Transformasi Administrasi, 10(01), 1–17.
Dami, Z. A., Imron, A., Burhanuddin, Supriyanto, A., & Pellokila, I. I. (2023). Servant Leadership and Organizational Citizenship Behaviour: The Mediating Role of Trust. FIIB Business Review. https://doi.org/10.1177/2319714523120411
Demissie, A. D., Alemu, A. E., & Tensay, A. T. (2024). The nexus between servant leadership and organizational citizenship behavior through the mediating role of perceived organizational politics in Ethiopian federal public service organizations. Cogent Business and Management, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2024.2336653
Elbaz, A. M., & Haddoud, M. Y. (2017). The Role of Wisdom Leadership in Increasing Job Performance: Evidence from the Egyptian Tourism Sector. Tourism Management, 63(December), 66–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2017.06.008
Elche, D., Ruiz-Palomino, P., & Linuesa-Langreo, J. (2020). Servant Leadership and Organizational Citizenship Behavior. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 32(6), 2035–2053. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-05-2019-0501
Eliyana, A., Ma’arif, S., & Muzakki. (2019). Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment Effect in the Transformational Leadership Towards Employee Performance. European Research on Management and Business Economics, 25(3), 144–150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iedeen.2019.05.001
Eslamdoust, S., & Mahmoudinazlou, S. (2023). Servant Leadership, Followers Job Satisfaction, Empowerment and Performance: The Moderating Effect of Gender. Open Journal of Social Sciences, 11(03), 8–22. https://doi.org/10.4236/jss.2023.113002
Eva, N., Robin, M., Sendjaya, S., van Dierendonck, D., & Liden, R. C. (2019). Servant Leadership: A systematic review and call for future research. Leadership Quarterly, 30(1), 111–132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2018.07.004
Gagné, M., & Deci, E. L. (2005). Self-Determination Theory – Organizations and Work. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 26(June 2004), 331–362.
Greenleaf, R. K. (1977). Servant leadership: A journey into the nature of legitimate power and greatness. In Business Horizons (Vol. 22, Issue 3, pp. 91–92). https://doi.org/10.1016/0007-6813(79)90092-2
Guo, Y., Wang, S., Rofcanin, Y., & Heras, M. Las. (2024). A meta-analytic review of family supportive supervisor behaviors (FSSBs): Work-family related antecedents, outcomes, and a theory-driven comparison of two mediating mechanisms. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 151(March 2023), 103988. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2024.103988
Gutierrez-Broncano, S., Linuesa-Langreo, J., Ruiz-Palomino, P., & Yánez-Araque, B. (2024). General manager servant leadership and firm adaptive capacity: The heterogeneous effect of social capital in family versus non-family firms. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 118(February), 0–2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2024.103690
Hair, Joe F., Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., & Mena, J. A. (2012). An Assessment of the Use of Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling in Marketing Research. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 40(3), 414–433. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-011-0261-6
Hair, Joseph F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2022). A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) (3rd ed.). SAGE Publication, Inc.
Hair, Joseph F., Risher, J. J., Sarstedt, M., & Ringle, C. M. (2019). When to Use and How to Report the Results of PLS-SEM. European Business Review, 31(1), 2–24. https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-11-2018-0203
Hair Jr., J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2014). A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). SAGE Publications, Inc.
Hameed, A., & Xie, W. (2024). Heliyon Exploring how enterprise social media usage affects employee creativity : Based on self-determination theory. Heliyon, 10(5), e27632. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27632
Hartner-Tiefenthaler, M. (2021). Supervisors’ power to deal with employees’ inner resignation: How perceived power of the organization and the supervisor relate to employees’ voluntary and enforced work behavior. European Management Journal, 39(2), 260–269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2020.08.001
Harwiki, W. (2016). The Impact of Servant Leadership on Organization Culture, Organizational Commitment, Organizational Citizenship Behaviour (OCB) and Employee Performance in Women Cooperatives. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 219, 283–290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.04.032
Henseler, J., Dijkstra, T. K., Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., Diamantopoulos, A., Straub, D. W., Ketchen, D. J., Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., & Calantone, R. J. (2014). Common Beliefs and Reality About PLS: Comments on Rönkkö and Evermann (2013). Organizational Research Methods, 17(2), 182–209. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094428114526928
Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2015). A New Criterion for Assessing Discriminant Validity in Variance-Based Structural Equation Modeling. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 43(1), 115–135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-014-0403-8
Idris, AS, N., Soetjipto, B. E., & Supriyanto, A. S. (2021). Predicting factors of organizational citizenship behavior in Indonesian nurses. Heliyon, 7(12), e08652. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08652
Iqbal, J., Asghar, A., & Asghar, M. Z. (2022). Effect of Despotic Leadership on Employee Turnover Intention: Mediating Toxic Workplace Environment and Cognitive Distraction in Academic Institutions. Behavioral Sciences, 12(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/bs12050125
Islam, T., Aamir, M., Ahmed, I., & Muhammad, S. K. (2012). The impact of transformational and transactional leadership styles on the motivation and academic performance of students at university level. Journal of Educational and Social Research, 2(2), 237–244. https://doi.org/10.5901/jesr.2012.v2n2.237
Jabber, M. A., Sakib, M. N., & Rahman, M. M. (2023). Exploring the roles and challenges of the servant leadership: A critical examination of the Bangladesh police. Heliyon, 9(1), e12782. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12782
Judith, K., & Riani, R. (2024). Analyzing the Mediating Role of Work Engagement and Organizational Justice in the Relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Job Satisfaction among Employees in Kenya. Open Journal of Business and Management, 12(04), 2458–2488. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojbm.2024.124127
Kapil, K., & Rastogi, R. (2020). The relationship between leader-member exchange, work engagement and organizational citizenship behaviour. Journal of Indian Business Research, 12(2), 191–214. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIBR-08-2018-0202
Kementerian PANRB RI No.6. (2022). Peraturan Menteri PANRB Nomor 6 Tahun 2022 tentang Pengelolaan Kinerja Aparatur Sipil Negara. In Berita Negara Republik Indonesia (Vol. 155, pp. 1–240).
Khalid, M., Bashir, S., Khan, A. K., & Abbas, N. (2018). When and how abusive supervision leads to knowledge hiding behaviors: An Islamic work ethics perspective. Leadership and Organization Development Journal, 39(6), 794–806. https://doi.org/10.1108/LODJ-05-2017-0140
Khan, F., Arshad, M., Raoof, R., & Farooq, O. (2022). Servant Leadership and Employees’ Performance: Organization and Information Structure Perspective. The Service Industries Journal, June, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/02642069.2022.2086976
Kinicki, A., & Fugate, M. (2018). Organizational Behavior: A Practical, Problem-Solving Approach (2nd ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.
Kurniawan, A. W., & Puspitaningtyas, Z. (2016). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif. Pandiva Buku.
Lee, G., & Kim, C. (2024). Antecedents of innovative behavior in public organizations: the role of public service motivation, organizational commitment, and perceived innovative culture. Frontiers in Psychology, 15(May). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1378217
Liden, R. C., Wayne, S. J., Zhao, H., & Henderson, D. (2008). Servant Leadership: Development of a Multidimensional Measure and Multi-Level Assessment. The Leadership Quarterly, 19(2), 161–177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2008.01.006
Ludwikowska, K., & Tworek, K. (2022). Dynamic capabilities of IT as a factor shaping servant leadership influence on organizational performance. Procedia Computer Science, 207(Kes), 34–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2022.09.035
Mallick, E., Pradhan, R. K., Tewari, H. R., & Jena, L. K. (2014). Organizational Citizenship Behaviour, Job Performance and HR Practices: A Relational Perspective. Management and Labour Studies, 39(4), 449–460. https://doi.org/10.1177/0258042X15578023
Maulidia, V. F., Rumijati, A., & Novianti, K. R. (2023). The Effect of Job Characteristics on Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) with Employee Job Satisfaction as an Intervening Variable in The Banking Sector. Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis Dan Kewirausahaan, 3(03), 228–237. https://doi.org/10.22219/jamanika.v3i03.29293
Melhem, Y. S. B., Ababneh, R. I., & Alsukkar, H. B. (2023). Servant Leadership and Job Performance: Evidence From Airline Companies in Jordan. International Journal of Business and Society, 24(1), 523–542. https://doi.org/10.33736/ijbs.5632.2023
Mi, L., Gan, X., Xu, T., Long, R., Qiao, L., & Zhu, H. (2019). A new perspective to promote organizational citizenship behaviour for the environment: The role of transformational leadership. Journal of Cleaner Production, 239, 118002. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.118002
Mirsultan, N., & Marimuthu, T. (2021). The Relationship of Transformational and Transactional Principal Leadership on Teacher Job Satisfaction and Secondary Student Performance in Subang Jaya, Malaysia. Open Journal of Leadership, 10(03), 241–256. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojl.2021.103016
Mutua, J. N., & Kiruhi, T. M. (2021). Volunteer public leaders’ values-driven leadership: the case of village elders in Kenya. Heliyon, 7(3), e06411. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06411
Nasution, I. M. N. (2022). Bureaucratic Turbulence After the Transfer of Structural to Functional Positions at the Coordinating Ministry for Economic Affairs. Jurnal MSDA (Manajemen Sumber Daya Aparatur), 10(2), 138–157. https://doi.org/10.33701/jmsda.v10i2.2759
Ng’ambi, G., Tembo, M., Benard, S., & Kamtukule, V. (2023). Public Finance Management: Dynamics of Public Servant-Political Leadership in the Livestock Sector in Malawi. Open Journal of Accounting, 12(04), 142–155. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojacct.2023.124010
Obedgiu, V., Nkurunziza, G., Simiyu, G., & Lubogoyi, B. (2020). An Investigation of Key Predictors of Organizational Citizenship Behavior of Civil Servants: Empirical Evidence From Uganda. International Journal of Organization Theory & Behavior, 23(2), 101–119. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOTB-03-2019-0041
Pawirosumarto, S., Sarjana, P. K., & Gunawan, R. (2017). The Effect of Work Environment, Leadership Style, and Organizational Culture Towards Job Satisfaction and its Implication Towards Employee Performance in Parador Hotels and Resorts, Indonesia. International Journal of Law and Management, 59(6), 1337–1358. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJLMA-10-2016-0085
Pham, T. P. T., Nguyen, T. Van, Nguyen, P. Van, & Ahmed, Z. U. (2024). Journal of Open Innovation : Technology , Market , and Complexity The pathways to innovative work behavior and job performance : Exploring the role of public service motivation , transformational leadership , and person-organization fit in Vietnam ’ s pub. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 10(3), 100315. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joitmc.2024.100315
Podsakoff, P. M., Mackenzie, S. B., Paine, J. B., & Bachrach, D. G. (2000). Organizational Citizenship Behaviors: A Critical Review of the Theoretical and Future Research. Journal of Management, 26(3), 513–563. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0149-2063(00)00047-7
Pratama, A. P., Ghazali, A., Putranto, N. A. R., Iswari, K. R., Wisesa, A., & Febriansyah, H. (2015). Civil Servants’ Competence in Indonesia: Suggestions for Future Research in the Context of Business. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 169, 371–377. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.01.322
Qian, J., Wang, B., Han, Z., & Song, B. (2017). Ethical leadership, leader-member exchange and feedback seeking: A double-moderated mediation model of emotional intelligence and work-unit structure. Frontiers in Psychology, 8(JUL), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01174
Rachmawati, A. W., & Lantu, D. C. (2014). Servant Leadership Theory Development & Measurement. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 115(Iicies 2013), 387–393. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.02.445
Ren, L., & Shen, H. (2024). The relationship between servant leadership and team innovation performance: Mediating effect of self-efficacy. Heliyon, 10(6), e27723. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27723
Ruiz-Palomino, P., Gutiérrez-Broncano, S., Jiménez-Estévez, P., & Hernandez-Perlines, F. (2021). CEO servant leadership and strategic service differentiation: The role of high-performance work systems and innovativeness. Tourism Management Perspectives, 40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2021.100891
Saleem, A., Bhutta, M. K. S., Abrar, M., Bari, M. W., & Bashir, M. (2024). Leader’s ethical behavior: A precursor to employees’ well-being through emotions management. Acta Psychologica, 249(August), 104453. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104453
Saputra, B., Fajri, H., & Eprilianto, D. F. (2020). Is Public Service Motivation Important to Improve the Performance and Job Satisfaction of Civil Servants? Brawijaya International Conference on Multidisciplinary Sciences and Technology (BICMST 2020), 19–23.
Scharp, Y. S., Bakker, A. B., & Breevaart, K. (2022). Playful work design and employee work engagement : A self-determination perspective. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 134(April 2021), 103693. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2022.103693
Sihombing, S., Astuti, E. S., Al Musadieq, M., Hamied, D., & Rahardjo, K. (2018). The Effect of Servant Leadership on Rewards, Organizational Culture and its Implication for Employee’s Performance. International Journal of Law and Management, 60(2), 505–516. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJLMA-12-2016-0174
Siregar, E., Juniasti, R., & Tobing, F. (2024). How does Organizational Citizenship Behavior Influence The Service Quality of Bank Employees During The COVID-19 Pandemic? Evidence From in Bekasi, Indonesia. Golden Ratio of Human Resource Management, 4(1), 01–16. https://doi.org/10.52970/grhrm.v4i1.350
Slaughter, J. E., & Kausel, E. E. (2009). The neurotic employee: Theoretical analysis of the influence of narrow facets of neuroticism on cognitive, social, and behavioral processes relevant to job performance. In Research in Personnel and Human Resources Management (Vol. 28). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1108/S0742-7301(2009)0000028010
Sulaiman, S., Nizam, A., Farid, F., Kesuma, T. M., Madjid, I., & Siregar, R. (2019). The Role of Good Government Governance Principles in Enhancing the Performance of Public Organization in Aceh, Indonesia. 1st Aceh Global Conference (AGC 2018), 731–738.
Supriyanto, A., Ekowati, V., & Maghfuroh, U. (2020). Do Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Work Satisfaction Mediate the Relationship Between Spiritual Leadership and Employee Performance? Management Science Letters, 10(5), 1107–1114. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.msl.2019.10.031
Tuan, L. T. (2017). Knowledge Sharing in Public Organizations: The Roles of Servant Leadership and Organizational Citizenship Behavior. International Journal of Public Administration, 40(4), 361–373. https://doi.org/10.1080/01900692.2015.1113550
Urrila, L., & Eva, N. (2024). Developing oneself to serve others? Servant leadership practices of mindfulness-trained leaders. Journal of Business Research, 183(July), 114858. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2024.114858
Vitell, S. J., & Davis, D. L. (1990). The Relationship Between Ethics and Job Satisfaction: An Empirical Investigation. Journal of Business Ethics, 9(June), 489–494. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00382842
Wang, Z., Xu, H., & Liu, Y. (2018). Servant Leadership as a Driver of Employee Service Performance: Test of A Trickle-Down Model and its Boundary Conditions. Human Relations, 71(9), 1179–1203. https://doi.org/10.1177/001872671773832
Yang, J., Yu, T., Song, J., Cai, W., & Teng, R. (2023). A Job Demands-Resources Perspective on Servant Leadership and Employee Creativity. The Service Industries Journal, July, 1–23. https://doi.org/02642069.2023.2238612
Zhang, X., Panatik, S. A., & Zhang, N. (2024). Employee green behavior: Bibliometric-content analysis. Heliyon, 10(10), e31045. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31045
Zhao, X., Lynch, J. G., & Chen, Q. (2010). Reconsidering Baron and Kenny: Myths and Truths About Mediation Analysis. Journal of Consumer Research, 37(2), 197–206. https://doi.org/10.1086/651257
Zheng, S., Wu, W., Liao, C., Li, S., Li, Z., & Zhang, Z. (2024). Acta Psychologica How does perceived overqualification promote employees ’ creative deviance : The role of leadership emergence and job autonomy. Acta Psychologica, 248(June), 104382. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104382
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24815/jaroe.v8i1.40114
Article Metrics
Abstract view : 61 timesPDF - 47 times
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Published by:
Department of Accounting
Faculty of Economics and Business
Universitas Syiah Kuala
Kopelma Darussalam, Banda Aceh, Indonesia - 23111
E-ISSN: 2621-1041
Journal of Accounting Research, Organization and Economics by Department of Accounting Faculty of Economics and Business Universitas Syiah Kuala is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at https://jurnal.usk.ac.id/JAROE/index.