Efektivitas ekstrak etanol biji kurma mesir (Phoenix dactylifera L.) sebagai antibakteri terhadap Streptococcus pyogenes secara in vitro
Abstract
Abstrak. Kurma (Phoenix dactylifera L.) telah dikonsumsi secara luas di seluruh duniadan diketahui memiliki banyak manfaat di bidan kesehatan. Salah satu mafaatnya yaitu sebagai obat terhadap faringitis yang disebabkan oleh bakteri Streptococcus pyogenes. Terdapat ±517.000 kematian pertahun yang disebabkan oleh infeksi Streptococcus pyogenes dan komplikasinya. Sejauh ini telah banyak studi mengenai manfaat daging kurma, namun manfaat terhadap biji kurma belum banyak diteliti. Maka dari itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji efek antibakteri ekstrak etanol biji kurma Mesir (Phoenix dactylifera L.) pada Streptococus pyogenes secara in vitro dengan uji Konsentrasi Hambat Minimal (KHM) menggunakan metode dilusi serial dan uji Konsentrasi Bunuh Minimal (KBM) dengan inokulasi pada media agar darah. Konsentrasi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah 1428.57 mg/ml, 714,29 mg/ml, 357.14 mg/ml, 178.57 mg/ml, 89.29 mg/ml, 44,64 mg/ml, 22,32 mg/ml, dan 11,16 mg/ml. Dari penelitian tersebut didapatkan bahwa Konsentrasi Hambat Minimal (KHM) tidak dapat ditentukan dan nilai Konsentrasi Bunuh Minimal (KBM) sebesar 1428.57 mg/ml. Ekstrak etanol biji kurma Mesir (Phoenix dactylifera L.) efektif sebagai antibakteri terhadap Streptococcus pyogenes dengan nilai signifikan 0,002 (p<0,05)
Kata Kunci: Biji Kurma Mesir, Phoenix dactylifera L., Streptococcus pyogenes, faringitis
Abstract. Dates (Phoenix dactylifera L.) are widely consumed in various parts of the world and are known to have many benefits in the health sector. One of them is pharyngitis medication caused by Streptococcus pyogenes. There are ±517.000 deaths per year which caused by Streptococcus pyogenes infection and its complication. So far there have been many studies on the benefits of date flesh, but the benefits of the seeds have not been widely studied. The aim of this study is to test the anti-bacterial effect of the ethanol extract of Egyptian Phoenix dactylifera L. seed on Streptococcus pyogenes in vitro by Minimum Inhibitory Concentration test using serial dilution method and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) in blood agar plate inoculates. The concentration used in this study are 1428.57 mg/ml, 714,29 mg/ml, 357.14 mg/ml, 178.57 mg/ml, 89.29 mg/ml, 44,64 mg/ml, 22,32 mg/ml, and 11,16 mg/ml. From this study the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) can not be determined and the Minimum Bactericidal Concentration is 1428.57 mg/ml. Ethanol extract of Egyptian Phoenix dactylifera L. seed effective as antibacteri against Streptococcus pyogenes with a significant value of 0,002 (p <0,05).
Keywords: date palm seeds, Phoenix dactylifera L, Streptococcus pyogenes, pharyngitis.
Keywords
References
Abd El-Ghany, S.M., Abdelmaksoud, A.A., Saber, S.M., Abd El Hamid, D.H.,2015. Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis and carriage rate among Egyptian children: A case-control study. Ann. Saudi Med. 35,377–382.
Abdelaziz, D.H.A., Ali, S.A., Mostafa, M.M.A., 2015. Phoenix dactylifera seeds ameliorate early diabetic complications in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Pharm. Biol. 53,792–799.
Abuharfeil, N., Sukhon, S. El, Msameh, Y., & Sallal, A., 1999. Effect of date fruits, Phoenix dactylifera L., on the hemolytic activity of streptolysin O. Pharmaceutical biology, 37,335-339.
Akinyemi, K.O., 2014. Antimicrobial activities of medicinal plants used in folklore remedies in south-western.
Al-daihan,S., Bhat, R.S.,2012. Antibacterial activities of extracts of leaf , fruit , seed and bark of Phoenix dactylifera 11,10021–10025.
Al-Farsi,M.A.,Lee, C.Y.,2008. Nutritional and functional properties of dates: A review. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 48,877–887.
Al-Shwyeh,H.A.,2019.Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Fruit as Potential Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Agents. J. Pharm. Bioallied Sci.11,1–11.
Andrews, J.M., 2001. Determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 48 Suppl 1,5–16.
Armiati, I.G.K., 2015. Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Daun Lidah Buaya (Aloe vera barbadensis Miller) konsentrasi 100% dapat menurunkan akumulasi plak gigi dan jumlah koloni bakteri Streptococcus mutans.
Bentrad, N., Gaceb-Terrak, R., Benmalek, Y., & Rahmania, F., 2017. Studies On Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activities of Bioactive Molecules from Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Pollens And Seeds. African journal of traditional, complementary, and alternative medicines : AJTCAM.
Bouhlali, E. dine T., Bammou, M., Sellam, K., Benlyas, M., Alem, C., Filali-Zegzouti, Y.,2016. Evaluation of antioxidant, antihemolytic and antibacterial potential of six Moroccan date fruit (Phoenix dactylifera L.) varieties. J. King Saud Univ. - Sci. 28,136–142.
Dalynn, 2002. McFARLAND STANDARD. Cat. No. TM50-TM60 Mcfarl.
Esposito, S., Blasi, F., Bosis, S., Droghetti, R., Faelli, N., Lastrico, A., Principi, N.,2004. Aetiology of acute pharyngitis: The role of atypical bacteria. J. Med. Microbiol. 53,645–651.
Habib, H.M., Ibrahim, W.H.,2011. Effect of date seeds on oxidative damage and antioxidant status in vivo. J. Sci. Food Agric. 91,1674–1679.
Hafiz, E., Soliman, S., Ahmed, M.M.M.,2006. Molecular Identification of Some Egyptian Date Palm Males by females varieties ( Phoenix dactylifera L .) Using DNA Markers.
Mandell, Douglas, Benett,2010, Principles and Practice Infectious Diseases, The Lancet Infectious Diseases.
Metoui, M., Essid, A., Bouzoumita, A., Ferchichi, A., 2019. Chemical Composition , Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity of Tunisian Date Palm Seed 28, 1–8.
Mistrello J., Sirisena S.D., Ghavami A., Marshall R., Krishnamoorthy S. (2014): Determination of the antioxidant capacity, total phenolic and avonoid contents of seeds from three commercial varieties of culinary dates. International Journal of Food Studies, 3:34–44.
Mrabet, A., Jiménez-Araujo, A., Fernández-Bolaños, J., Rubio-Senent, F., Lama-Muñoz, A., Sindic, M., Rodríguez-Gutiérrez, G.,2016. Antioxidant phenolic extracts obtained from secondary Tunisian date varieties (Phoenix dactylifera L.) by hydrothermal treatments. Food Chem. 196,917–924.
Olivieri, R., Morandi, M., Zanchi, A., Tordini, G., Pozzi, G., De Luca, A., Montagnani, F., 2015. Evolution of macrolide resistance in streptococcus pyogenes over 14 years in an area of central italy. J. Med. Microbiol. 64,1186–1195.
Passàli, D., Lauriello, M., Passàli, G.C., Passàli, F.M., Bellussi, L., 2007. Group A streptococcus and its antibiotic resistance. Acta Otorhinolaryngol. Ital. organo Uff. della Soc. Ital. di Otorinolaringol. e Chir. Cerv.-facc. 27,27–32.
Qadoos, H. A., Dhafari H. S., Al Marzooqi D. A., Yaqoubi A. I., Kumarappan A., Nazir A., Elsori D., 2017. Phenolic content and antimicrobial activities of date palm ( Phoenix dactylifera L .) fruits and leaves.
Renner, B., Mueller, C.A., Shephard, A.,2012. Environmental and non-infectious factors in the aetiology of pharyngitis (sore throat). Inflamm. Res. 61,1041–1052.
Riad, M.,1996. The date palm sector in Egypt. CIHEAM-Options Mediterr. 53,45–53.
Salem, M.Z.M., Ali, H.M., El-Shanhorey, N.A., Abdel-Megeed, A., 2013. Evaluation of extracts and essential oil from Callistemon viminalis leaves: Antibacterial and antioxidant activities, total phenolic and flavonoid contents. Asian Pac. J. Trop. Med. 6,785–791.
Shulman S. T., Tanz R. R. 2003. Streptococcus pyogenes (group A Streptococcus). Dalam: Long SS, Pickering LK, Prober CG, penyunting. Principles and practice of pediatric infectious diseases. Edisi ke-2. Philadelphia: Churchill Livingstone; h.716-8.
Sundar, R.D.V., Segaran, G., Shankar, S., Settu, S., Ravi, L., 2017. Bioactivity of Phoenix dactylifera seed and its phytochemical analysis. International Journal of Green Pharmacy; 11:1-11
Vela, A.I., Villalón, P., Sáez-Nieto, J.A., Chacón, G., Domínguez, L., Fernández-Garayzábal, J.F., 2017. Characterization of streptococcus pyogenes from animal clinical specimens, Spain. Emerg.
Wessels MR. (2016): Pharyngitis and scarlet fever; Streptococcus pyogenes: basic Biology to clinical. Manifestations. Oklahoma (OK): NCB
Wojdyło A, Teleszko M, Oszmiański J (2014) Physicochemical characterisation of quince fruits for industrial use: yield, turbidity, viscosity and colour properties of juices. Int J Food Sci Technol 49(8):1818–1824
DOI: 10.24815/jks.v19i3.18113
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.