Pola resistensi bakteri Pseudomonas aeruginosa dan Acinetobacter baumannii pada spesimen darah terhadap antibiotik golongan β-laktam dan aminoglikosida di Rumah Sakit DR. Soetomo periode Januari 2016 – Desember 2016
Abstract
Abstrak. Pseudomonas aeruginosa dan Acinetobacter baumannii merupakan salah satu penyebab dari infeksi bakteri di rumah sakit. Di seluruh dunia terdapat berbagai kasus yang mana bakteri tersebut memiliki resistensi terhadap antibiotik. Penelitian deskriptif ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pola resistensi dari Pseudomonas aeruginosa dan Acinetobacter baumannii terhadap antibiotik, khususnya dari golongan β-laktam dan golongan aminoglikosida. Data penelitian ini didapat dari buku log isolat bakteri di Instalasi Mikrobiologi Klinik RSUD Dr. Soetomo pada periode Januari 2016-Desember 2016. Didapatkan hasil dari 63 sampel Pseudomonas aeruginosa yaitu kelompok umur yang paling rentan terhadap infeksi adalah kelompok umur 0-5 tahun (38%) diikuti kelompok umur >45 tahun (23,8%). Serupa, hasil dari 164 sampel Acinetobacter baumannii yaitu kelompok umur yang paling rentan terhadap infeksi adalah kelompok umur 0-5 tahun (32,9%) diikuti kelompok umur >45 tahun (29,9%). Dibagi menurut jenis kelamin, sampel Pseudomonas aeruginosa adalah 55,5% laki-laki dan 45,5% wanita. Untuk sampel Acinetobacter baumannii, 51,2% laki-laki dan 48,8% wanita. Pola resistensi dari Pseudomonas aeruginosa menunjukkan bahwa bakteri secara berurutan telah resisten terhadap ceftazidime (27,4%), gentamicin (24,1%), imipenem (14%), meropenem (11,7%), dan amikacin (4,9%). Sedangkan bakteri Acinetobacter baumannii sudah mengalami resistensi terhadap antibiotik ceftazidime (78,8%), gentamicin (70,1%), amikacin (51,2%), imipenem (49,3%), dan meropenem (48,1%).
Kata kunci: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, resistensi, antibiotik
Abstract. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii are one of the causes of bacterial infection in the hospital. All throughout the world there had been cases of which those bacterias have developed resistance to antibiotics. This descriptive study was aimed towards finding the resistance pattern of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii to antibiotics treatment, specifically from the β-lactam group and aminoglycoside group. Data was cited from the isolate logbook of the Department of Clinical Microbiology of Dr. Soetomo General and Teaching Hospital within January 2016 – December 2016. The results from 63 samples for Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed that the most susceptible age groups were within 0-5 years of age (38%) followed by age >45 years (23,8%). Whereas the results from 164 samples for Acinetobacter baumannii the most susceptible age groups were also within 5 years of age (32,9%) followed by age >45 years (29,9%). According to gender, the Pseudomonas aeruginosa samples were 55,5% male and 45,5% female. For Acinetobacter baumannii the samples were 51,2% male and 48,8% female. Resistance patterns showed that Pseudomonas aeruginosa was resistant to ceftazidime (27,4%), gentamicin (24,1%), imipenem (14%), meropenem (11,7%), and amikacin (4,9%). Acinetobacter baumannii was resistant to ceftazidime (78,8%), gentamicin (70,1%), amikacin (51,2%), imipenem (49,3%), and meropenem (48,1%),. In conclusion, both Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii had shown resistance towards antibiotics, in particular towards ceftazidime, imipenem, meropenem, gentamicin, and amikacin.
Keywords: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, Resistance, Antibiotics
Keywords
References
Daftar Pustaka
Atasoy, A. R., Ciftci, I. H., & Petek, M. 2015. Modifying enzymes related aminoglycoside: analyses of resistant Acinetobacter isolates. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 8(2),2874–2880.
Blair, J.M.A., Webber, M.A., Baylay, A.J., Ogbolu, D.O., dan Piddock, L.J.V., 2015. Molecular mechanisms of antibiotic resistance. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 13:42–51.
Gentile, L. F., Nacionales, D. C., Lopez, M. C., Vanzant, E., Cuenca, A., Cuenca, A. G. Efron, P. A.,2014. Protective Immunity and Defects in the Neonatal and Elderly Immune Response to Sepsis. Journal of Immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950),192(7),3156–3165.
Goodman, L. S., Brunton, L. L., Chabner, B., & Knollmann, B. C.,2011. Goodman & Gilman's pharmacological basis of therapeutics. New York, McGraw-Hill.
Katzung, B.G., 2017. Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 14th ed., USA: McGraw Hill Companies.
Liochev SI, 2013. Reactive oxygen species and the free radical theory of aging. Free Radic Biol Med. ;60:1–4.
Menon R., George A., Menon U. 2013. Etiology and anti-microbial sensitivity of organisms causing community acquired pneumonia: a single hospital study. J Family Med Prim Care
Mohan, Lava, R., Prashanth, Vinod, N., Metri, B., Nayak, V., 2013. Prevalence and Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern of Pseudomonas aeruginosa; an Emerging Nosocomial Pathogen. International Journal of Biological & Medical Research, India, 4, 1, pp. 2729-2731.
Morfin-Otero R, 2012. Changes in MIC within a global collection of Acinetobacter baumannii collected as part of the Tigecycline Evaluation and Surveillance Trial, 2004 to 2009.Dowzicky MJ Clin TherJan; 34(1):101-12.
Park, Y. K., Peck, K. R., Cheong, H. S., Chung, D.-R., Song, J.-H., & Ko, K. S. 2009. Extreme Drug Resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii Infections in Intensive Care Units, South Korea. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 15(8), 1325–1327.
Radji, M., Fauziah, S., & Aribinuko, N.,2011. Antibiotic sensitivity pattern of bacterial pathogens in the intensive care unit of Fatmawati Hospital, Indonesia. Asian Pacific journal of tropical biomedicine, 1(1), 39-42.
Ramirez MS, Tolmasky ME, 2017. Amikacin: Uses, Resistance, and Prospects for Inhibition. Center for Applied Biotechnology Studies, Department of Biological Science, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92831, USA. Molecules 2017,22(12),2267
Round, J. L., & Mazmanian, S. K., 2009. The gut microbiome shapes intestinal immune responses during health and disease. Nature Reviews. Immunology, 9(5), 313–323.
Simon, A. K., Hollander, G. A., & McMichael, A., 2015. Evolution of the immune system in humans from infancy to old age. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 282(1821), 20143085.
Tjoa, E., Moeharjo, L. H., Rukmana, A., Rohsiswatmo, R., 2013. Acinetobacter baumannii: Role in Blood Stream Infection in Neonatal Unit, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia. International Journal of Microbiology Volume 2013.
Ventola, C. L. 2015. The Antibiotic Resistance Crisis: Part 1: Causes and Threats. Pharmacy and Therapeutics, 40(4),277–283.
Ventura, M. T., Casciaro, M., Gangemi, S., & Buquicchio, R., 2017. Immunosenescence in aging: between immune cells depletion and cytokines up-regulation. Clinical and Molecular Allergy :CMA,15,21.
Yayan, J., Ghebremedhin, B., & Rasche, K. 2015. Antibiotic Resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Pneumonia at a Single University Hospital Center in Germany over a 10-Year Period. PLoS ONE,10(10), e0139836.
DOI: 10.24815/jks.v20i1.18296
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.