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Hemolytic disease of newborn: fokus pada inkompatibilitas ABO

Teny Tjitra Sari, Riski Muhaimin, Umam Fazlurrahman

Abstract


HDN harus dicurigai bila didapatkan penurunan hemoglobin tanpa tanda perdarahan, peningkatan produksi eritrosit, ikterik pada 24-48 jam pertama, dan direct anti-globulin test positif. Inkompatibilitas ABO merupakan etiologi terbanyak dari HDN. Meskipun mayoritas terjadi pada ibu dengan golongan darah O, namun dilaporkan kasus pada ibu dengan golongan darah A dan B. Antigen pada kelompok darah ABO, terdiri dari antigen-A, antigen-B, dan prekursornya, antigen-H. Antigen-A dan B memiliki beberapa sub grup antigen dan tidak hanya ada di membran eritrosit, namun juga terdapat pada berbagai jaringan tubuh. Berbeda dengan inkompatibilitas rhesus, pada inkompatibilitas ABO sering terjadi pada kehamilan pertama dengan manifestasi yang lebih ringan. Fototerapi merupakan terapi lini pertama hiperbilirubinemia HDN. Bila tidak membaik, dapat diberikan imunoglobulin dan dilakukan transfusi tukar. Terapi farmakologi lain belum direkomendasikan. Transfusi darah dilakukan bila Hb turun signifikan atau terdapat gejala. Deteksi dini dan tatalaksana adekuat menurunkan morbiditas dan mortalitas.

Keywords


hemolytic disease of newborn; inkompatibilitas ABO; anemia

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DOI: 10.24815/jks.v21i2.19059

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