Gangguan Penghidu Pada Penderita COVID-19
Abstract
Abstrak. Sebagian besar pasien yang terinfeksi SARS-CoV-2 menunjukkan gejala-gejala pada sistem pernapasan seperti demam, batuk, bersin, dan sesak napas. Beberapa penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa terjadi penurunan kemampuan penciuman pada pasien yang dinyatakan positif COVID‐19. Anosmia postviral adalah penyebab paling umum dari gangguan penghidu. Cedera pada epitel olfaktorius adalah mekanisme yang diidentifikasi sebagai penyebab paling mungkin dari gangguan penghidu yang disebabkan oleh SARS-CoV-2 yang dapat diperburuk oleh kerusakan sistem saraf pusat. Metode yang dianjurkan untuk deteksi virus adalah amplifikasi asam nukleat dengan real-time reversetranscription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR). Beberapa teknik dan alat tersedia untuk mengeksplorasi kapasitas penciuman seperti visual analog scale dan teknik psikofisik, neurofisiologis, dan neuroimaging. Pelatihan penciuman muncul sebagai strategi pengobatan utama hilangnya penciuman akibat infeksi virus. Terapi lain termasuk natrium sitrat intranasal, vitamin A intranasal, dan omega-3 sistemik.
Abstract. Most of the patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 show respiratory symptoms such as fever, cough, sneezing, and shortness of breath. Several studies revealed there is a decrease in the ability to smell in patients who test positive for COVID-19. Postviral anosmia is the most common cause of olfactory disorder. Injury to the olfactory epithelium is the mechanism identified as the most likely cause of olfactory disorders caused by SARS-CoV-2, which can be aggravated by damage to the central nervous system. The recommended method for virus detection is nucleic acid amplification with real-time reversetranscription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR). Several techniques and tools are available to explore olfactory capacity such as visual analog scale and psychophysical, neurophysiological, and neuroimaging techniques. Olfactory training has emerged as the main treatment strategy for loss of smell due to viral infections. Other medications include intranasal sodium citrate, intranasal vitamin A, and systemic omega-3.
Keywords
References
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DOI: 10.24815/jks.v22i1.21202
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