Efek kandungan mineral air zamzam dalam mencegah atherosclerosis

Indra Wahyu Saputra, Wildan Maheru Mufida, Dian Yuliartha Lestari, Moch Ma’roef

Abstract


Abstrak. Penyakit kardiovaskular merupakan penyebab kematian tertinggi di dunia. Air zamzam berbeda dari air biasa. Sebuah studi membuktikan bahwa pada air Zamzam tidak terdapat pertumbuhan mikroba dan sesuai untuk diminum. Air zamzam juga mengandung komposisi mineral seperti CaCO3, magnesium, tembaga, seng, mangan, selenium, nitrat, arsenik, kromium, kobalt, strontium dan kadmium. CaCO3 menghambat arsenik dengan adsorpsi. Tembaga dan seng sebagai kofaktor Cu/Zn-SOD dalam sitosol. Mangan sebagai kofaktor Mn-SOD di mitokondria, selenium sebagai koffaktor GPx/GSH-Px di mitokondria. Nitrat menghasilkan efek menguntungkan pada tekanan darah, dan konsumsi oksigen di mitokondria dalam jangka pendek, namun dalam jangka panjang tidak mempengaruhi aterogenesis. Magnesium meningkatkan fungsi endotel tanpa mempengaruhi CIMT. Kromium meningkatkan fungsi insulin sehingga menghambat resistensi insulin. Paparan kadmium yang tinggi dapat meningkatkan kadar TC dan menurunkan kadar HDL-C sehingga merangsang terjadinya stres oksidatif. Kobalt ionik memiliki efek sitotoksik dengan menginduksi spesies oksigen reaktif. Paparan timbal dapat menghambat enzim seperti delta-aminolevulinic acid dehidratase (d-ALA-D) sehingga meningkatkan produksi ROS. Arsenik menyebabkan toksisitas di mitokondria dengan menghambat aktivitas suksinat dehidrogenase dan memisahkan fosforilasi oksidatif. Stronsium dapat menghambat mineralisasi dalam tulang dan mengurangi jumlah osteoklas. Komposisi mineral air zamzam memiliki efek dalam mencegah aterosklerosis karena mengandung kadar CaCO3, selenium, tembaga, mangan, dan seng yang tinggi. 

Abstract. Cardiovascular disease is leading deaths worldwide, Zamzam water differs from ordinary water. A study proves that in Zamzam water there is no microbial growth and is suitable for drinking. Zamzam water contains mineral compositions like CaCO3, magnesium, copper, zink, manganese, selenium, nitrate, arsenic, chromium, cobalt, strontium, and cadmium. CaCO3 inhibits arsenic by adsorption. Copper and zink as coffactor of Cu/Zn-SOD in sitosol. Manganese as a cofactor of Mn-SOD in mitochondria, selenium as cofactor of GPx/GSH-Px in mitochondria. Nitrate resulting beneficial effect on blood pressure, and oxygen consumption in mitochondria in short term, but in long term did not affect atherogenesis. Magnesium increases endothelial’s function without affecting CIMT. High cadmium exposure can increase the level of  TC and decreases HDL-C level so stimulates oxidative stress. Ionic cobalt has a cytotoxic effect by induction of reactive oxygen species. Lead exposure can inhibit enzymes like delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (d-ALA-D) so increases the production of ROS. Arsenic causes toxicity in mitochondria by inhibiting succinic dehydrogenase activity and separating oxidative phosphorylation Strontium can inhibit mineralization in bone and reduce the number of osteoclasts. Zamzam water’s mineral compositions have effects in preventing atherosclerosis because contains the hard level of CaCO3, selenium, copper, manganese, and zinc.


Keywords


Atherosclerosis; cardiovascular; water; zamzam

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DOI: 10.24815/jks.v22i2.23594

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