Update Karakteristik Pneumotoraks dengan Pemeriksaan Radiologi X-Ray Toraks

Teuku Muhammad Yus, Darma Satria, Zihni Janan

Abstract


Abstrak: Pneumotoraks adalah kasus gawat darurat napas yang mengancam jiwa sehingga membutuhkan penanganan yang tepat dan secepat mungkin. Meskipun sudah sangat banyak literatur yang membahas tentang pneumotoraks, tetapi kejadian misdiagnosis pneumotoraks masih sering juga ditemukan sehingga dapat terjadi keterlambatan dalam penanganan pada pneumotoraks minimal sebelum menjadi pneumotoraks luas. Kasus ini biasanya sering terjadi di layanan emergensi dan atau di ruangan rawat inap. Kejadian ini adalah fatal, karena peneumotoraks yang telah berkembang (meluas) semakin meningkatkan mortalitas dan morbiditas pasien meskipun sudah ditangani kemudian. Interpretasi pemeriksaan foto x-ray toraks yang teliti oleh dokter pada layanan emergensi akan sangat membantu. Selanjutnya, ekspertise radiologi mungkin dibutuhkan untuk menentukan lokasi dan bahkan memperkirakan volume udara abnormal tersebut sehingga dapat mengoptimalkan rencana terapi selanjutnya. Pasca tindakan dekompresi juga perlu dilakukan pemeriksaan foto x-ray kembali dalam rangka evaluasi. Oleh karena itu, sebagai dokter layanan primer atau dokter umum dan dokter lain yang melayani di unit emergensi, pemahaman identifikasi pneumotoraks dengan foto x-ray merupakan standar kompetensi yang wajib dikuasai dengan baik selain mampu mengidentifikasi berdasarkan gejala klinis. Tulisan ini menfokuskan kepada karakteristik pneumotoraks pada pemeriksaan radiologi konvensional x-ray toraks.


Pneumothorax is a life-threatening respiratory emergency that requires prompt and appropriate treatment. Even though there is a lot of literature that discusses pneumothorax, misdiagnosis of pneumothorax is still often found so that there can be a delay in treating a pneumothorax, at least before it becomes a large pneumothorax. These cases usually occur in emergency services and/or inpatient rooms. This incident was fatal, because a pneumothorax that had developed (spread) further increased the mortality and morbidity of patients even though it was treated later. Careful interpretation of a chest x-ray by a doctor at the emergency services will be very helpful. Furthermore, radiologic expertise may be needed to determine the location and even estimate the volume of the abnormal air so as to optimize future treatment plans. After the decompression action, it is also necessary to carry out an x-ray photo examination again for the purpose of evaluation. Therefore, as a primary care doctor or general practitioner and other doctors serving in the emergency unit, understanding the identification of a pneumothorax by x-ray photo is a competency standard that must be well mastered apart from being able to identify it based on clinical symptoms. This paper focuses on the characteristics of a pneumothorax in conventional radiological examination of the chest x-ray.


Keywords


Pneumotoraks, diagnosis, radiologi, foto x-ray toraks

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DOI: 10.24815/jks.v23i1.30318

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