PENGARUH PEMBERIAN AIR SUSU IBU (ASI) EKSKLUSIF TERHADAP TIMBULNYA GEJALA AWAL ALERGI (Allergic March) PADA BAYI ATOPIK USIA 0-6 BULAN
Abstract
Abstrak. Penyakit atopik merupakan penyakit yang umum terjadi pada anak-anak dan merupakan masalah kesehatan serius di dunia. Dermatitis atopik, asma, alergi makanan dan rinitis alergi pada bayi merupakan perjalanan alamiah penyakit alergi yang dikenal dengan istilah “allergic march”. Studi menunjukkan bahwa pemberian ASI eksklusif secara signifikan mengurangi risiko alergi pada bayi atopik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh pemberian ASI eksklusif terhadap timbulnya gejala awal alergi (allergic march) pada bayi atopik usia 0-6 bulan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Sampel diambil dengan teknik total sampling sebanyak 79 bayi berusia kurang dari 3 tahun. Hasil penelitian ini memperlihatkan dermatitis atopik dan mengi lebih banyak terjadi pada bayi laki-laki (59,5%). Dermatitis atopik merupakan gejala awal yang paling banyak timbul pada bayi atopik yaitu 54,5%. Sedangkan bayi yang mengalami dermatitis atopik dan mengi pada waktu yang bersamaan sebesar 26,6%. Sebagian besar bayi atopik (68,4%) tidak mendapatkan ASI eksklusif. Bayi atopik yang mendapat ASI non eksklusif lebih banyak yang menderita dermatitis atopik dan mengi dibandingkan dengan bayi yang mendapat ASI eksklusif [31 (39,3%) vs 12 (15,1%)] dan [11 (13,9%) vs 4 (5,1%)]. Gejala awal alergi berupa dermatitis atopik dan mengi lebih banyak terjadi pada bayi laki-laki dibandingkan bayi perempuan. Gejala awal yang paling banyak timbul adalah dermatitis atopik. Bayi yang mendapat ASI non eksklusif cenderung lebih rentan terhadap munculnya gejala awal alergi berupa dermatitis atopik, mengi maupun kombinasi dari keduanya.
Abstract. Atopic disease is a common disease in children and is a serious health problem in the world. Atopic dermatitis, asthma, food allergies and allergic rhinitis in infants is a natural way of allergic disease known as "allergic march". Studies have shown that exclusive breastfeeding significantly reduces the risk of allergy in atopic infants. This study aimed to observe the effect of exclusive breastfeeding on the incidence of early symptoms of allergy (allergic march) in atopic infants aged 0-6 months. This study was a descriptive cross-sectional approach. Samples were taken with a total sampling technique as much as 79 infants aged less than 3 years. The results of this study showed atopic dermatitis and wheezing is more common in boys (59.5%). Atopic dermatitis is the most initial symptoms occur in atopic infants is 54.5%. While infants with atopic dermatitis and wheezing at the same time of 26.6%. Most atopic infants (68.4%) were not exclusively breastfed. Atopic infants who are breastfed more non exclusive with atopic dermatitis and wheeze compared with infants who were exclusively breastfed [31 (39.3%) vs 12 (15.1%)] and [11 (13.9%) vs 4 (5.1%)]. The early symptoms of allergy such as wheezing and atopic dermatitis is more common in boys than girls. Initial symptoms arise is the most atopic dermatitis. Babies who are breastfed exclusively non tend more susceptible to the emergence of the early symptoms of allergies such as atopic dermatitis, wheezing or a combination of both.
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References
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