Application of Recycle System on a Cocoa Pod Husks Gasification in a Fixed-Bed Downdraft Gasifier to Produce Low Tar Fuel Gas

Sunu Herwi Pranolo, Joko Waluyo, Jenni Prasetiyo, Muhammad Ibrahim Hanif

Abstract


Biomass gasification is potentially generating not only producer gas but also tarry components. Practically, the gas may substitute traditional fuel in an internal combustion engine after reducing the tar. This research examined a producer gas recycle system to reduce tar component of producer gas generated with cocoa pod husks gasification using air as gasifying agent in a fixed-bed downdraft gasifier. Cocoa pod husks feed sizes were +1” sieve, -1”+ 0.5” sieve, and -0.5” sieve. The gasification process was operated at the temperature range of 491 – 940oC and at various gasifying agent volumetric rates of 62.84; 125,68; and 188.53 NL/min or at equivalent ratio range of 0.014 – 0.042. A recycle system of outlet producer gas to gasifier was set at volumetric rates of 0.139; 0.196; and 0.240 L/min. The performance of the system was evaluated with analyzing the tar component using gravimetric method of ASTM D5068-13, and the gas component of CO, H2, CO2 and CH4 compositions in producer gas were analyzed using Gas Chromatography GC-2014 Shimadzu sensor TCD-14. This recycle system succeeded in reducing tar content as much as 97.19% at 0.139 L/min of recycle volumetric rate and at biomass feed size of -1”+0.5” sieve. The producer gas contained CO, H2, CO2 and CH4 of 23.29%, 2.66%, 13.30%, and 14.18% respectively. The recycle system cold gas efficiency was observed 65.24% at gasifying agent volumetric rate of 188.53 L/min and at biomass feed size of +1” sieve.

Keywords


biomass gasification; cocoa pod husks; producer gas; recycle system; tar

Full Text:

PDF

References


Adjin-Tetteh M., Asiedu N., Dodoo-Arhin D., Karam A., Amaniampong P.N. (2018) Thermochemical conversion and characterization of cocoa pod husks a potential agricultural waste from Ghana, Industrial Crops and Products, 119, 304 – 312.

Antolini, D., Ail, S.S., Patuzzi, F., Grigiante, M., and Baratieri, M. (2019) Experimental investigations of air-CO2 biomass gasification in reversed downdraft gasifier, Fuel, 253, 1473 – 1481.

Barisano, D., Canneto, G., Nanna, F., Alvino, E., Pinto, G., Villone, A., Carnevale, M., Valerio, V., Battafarano, A., Braccio, G. (2015) Steam/oxygen biomass gasification at pilot scale in an internally circulating bubbling fluidized bed reactor, Fuel Processing Technology, 141(1), 74 – 81.

Campos-Vega, R., Nieto-Figueroa K.H., Oomah, B.D. (2018) Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) pod husk: Renewable source of bioactive compounds, Trends in Food Science & Technology, 81, 172 – 184.

Chaiwatanodom, P., Vivanpatarakij, S., and Assabumrungrat, S. (2014) Thermodynamic analysis of biomass gasification with CO2 recycle for synthesis gas production, Applied Energy, 114, 10 – 17.

Chang, A. C. C., Chang, H., Lin, F., Chen, C. (2011) Biomass gasification for hydrogen production, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 36(21), 14252 – 14260.

Dahunsi, S.O., Adesulu-Dahunsi, A.T., Izebere, J.O. (2019a) Cleaner energy through liquefaction of cocoa (Theobroma cacao) pod husk: Pretreatment and process optimization, Journal of Cleaner Production, 226, 578 – 588.

Dahunsi, S.O., Osueke, C.O., Olayanju, T.M.A., Lawal, A.I. (2019b) Co-digestion of Theobroma cacao (Cocoa) pod husk and poultry manure for energy generation: Effects of pretreatment methods, Bioresource Technology, 283, 229 – 241.

Esfahani, R. M., Wan Ab Karim Ghani, W. A., Mohd Salleh, M. A., Ali, S. (2012) Hydrogen-Rich Gas Production from Palm Kernel Shell by Applying Air Gasification in Fluidized Bed Reactor, Energy & Fuels, 26(2), 1185–1191.

Forero-Nuñez, C.A., Jochum, J., Sierra, F.E. (2015) Effect of particle size and addition of cocoa pod husk on the properties of sawdust and coal pellets, Ingenieria e Investigacion, 35, 17 – 23.

Fremaux, S., Beheshti, S.M., Ghassemi, H., Shahsavan-Markadeh, R. (2015) An experimental study on hydrogen-rich gas production via steam gasification of biomass in a research-scale fluidized bed, Energy Conversion and Management, 91, 42–432.

Ghani, W.A.W.A.K, Moghadam, R. A., Salleh, M. A. M., Alias, A. B. (2009) Air Gasification of Agricultural Waste in a Fluidized Bed Gasifier: Hydrogen Production Performance, Energies, 2(2), 258 – 268.

Gu, H., Tang, Y., Yao, J., Chen, F. (2018) Study on biomass gasification under various operating conditions, Journal of the Energy Institute, 2018, 1 - 6.

Jaojaruek, K., Jarungthammachote, S., Gratuito, M.K.B., Wongsuwan, H., Homhual, S. (2011) Experimental study of wood downdraft gasification for an improved producer gas quality through an innovative two-stage air and premixed air/gas supply approach, Bioresource Technology, 102(7), 4834 – 4840.

Li, X.T., Grace, J.R., Lim, C.J., Watkinson, A.P., Chen, H.P., Kim, J.R. (2004) Biomass gasification in a circulating fluidized bed, Biomass and Bioenergy, 26(2), 171 – 193.

de Luna, M.D., Murniati, Budianta, W., Rivera, K.K.P., Arazo, R.O. (2017) Removal of sodium diclofenac from aqueous solution by adsorbents derived from cocoa pod husks, Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 5(2), 1465 – 1474.

Madav, V., Das, D., Kumar, M., Surwade, M., Parikh, P.P., Sethi, V. (2019) Studies for removal of tar from producer gas in small scale biomass gasifiers using biodiesel, Biomass and Bioenergy, 123, 123 – 133.

Makwana, J.P., Joshi, A.K., Athawale, G., Singh, D., Mohanty, P. (2015) Air gasification of rice husk in bubbling fluidized bed reactor with bed heating by conventional charcoal, Bioresource Technology, 178, 45 – 52.

Malek, L., Hulteberg, C., Svensson, H. (2016) Scrubber liquid recovery in biomass gasification plnats: centrifugation as a method for tar separation, Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery, 6(3), 261 – 269.

Mansur, D., Tago, T., Masuda, T., Abimanyu, H. (2014) Conversion of cacao pod husks by pyrolysis and catalytic reaction to produce useful chemicals, Biomass and Bioenergy, 66, 275 – 285.

Mohammed, M.A.A., Salmiaton, A., Wan Azlina, W.A.K.G., Mohammad Amran, M.S., Fakhru’l-Razi, A. (2011) Air gasification of empty fruit bunch for hydrogen-rich gas production in a fluidized-bed reactor, Energy Conversion and Management, 52(2), 1555 – 1561.

Njoku, V.O. (2014) Biosorption potential of cocoa pod husk for the removal of Zn(II) from aqueous phase, Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2, 881 – 887.

Ofori-Boateng, C., Lee, K.T. (2013) The potential of using cocoa pod husks as green solid base catalysts for the transesterification of soybean oil into biodiesel: Effects of biodiesel on engine performance, Chemical Engineering Journal, 220, 395 – 401.

Pohořelý, M., Jeremiáš, M., Svoboda, K., Kameníková, P., Skoblia, S., and Beňo, Z. (2014) CO2 as moderator for biomass gasification, Fuel, 117, 198 – 205.

Prabowo, B., Aziz, M., Umeki, K., Susanto, H., Yan, M., and Yoshikawa, K. (2015) CO2-recycling biomass gasification system for highly efficient and carbon-negative power generation, Applied Energy, 158, 97 – 106.

Pranolo, S. H., Khoir, M. T., & Pradhana, M. F. (2018) Production of clean synthetic gas from palm shell in a fixed bed gasifier with recycle system of producer gas, MATEC Web of Conferences, Bandung, 197, 09004.

Priyangini, F., Walde, S.G., Chidambaram, and Ramalingan (2018) Extraction optimization of pectin from cocoa pod husks (Theobroma cacao L.) with ascorbic acid using response surface methodology, Carbohydrate Polymers, 202, 497 – 503.

Proto, A.R., Longo, L., Gambella, F., Zimbalatti, G., Macrì, G., Gallucci, F., Colantoni, A. (2016) Energetic Characteristics of Syngas Obtained from Gasification of Hazelnut Prunings, Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 223, 835 – 840.

Ruoppolo, G., Ammendola, P., Chirone, R., & Miccio, F. (2012) H2-rich syngas production by fluidized bed gasification of biomass and plastic fuel, Waste Management, 32(4), 724 – 732.

Sarker, S., Arauzo, J. and Nielsen, H. K. (2015) Semi-continuous feeding and gasification of alfalfa and wheat straw pellets in a lab-scale fluidized bed reactor, Energy Conversion and Management, 99, 50 – 61.

Saucier, C., Adebayo, M.A., Lima, E.C., Cataluña, R., Thue, P.S., Prola, L.D.T., Dotto, G.L. (2015) Microwave-assisted activated carbon from cocoa shell as adsorbent for removal of sodium diclofenac and nimesulide from aqueous effluents, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 289, 18 – 27.

Shen, Y., Li, X., Yao, Z., Cui, X., and Wang, C. (2019) CO2 gasification of woody biomass: Experimental study from a lab-scale reactor to a small-scale autothermal gasifier, Energy, 170, 497 – 506.

Simell, P., Hannula, I., Tuomi, S., Nieminen, M., Kurkela, E., Hiltunen, I., Kaisalo, N., Kihlman, J. (2014) Clean syngas from biomass – process development and concept assessment, Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery, 4(4), 357 – 370.

Surjosatyo, A., Vidian, F., Nugroho, Y.S. (2014) Experimental gasification of biomass in an updraft gasifier with external recirculation of pyrolysis gases, Journal of Combustion, 2014,1 – 6.

Susastriawan, A.A.P., Saptoadi, H. and Purnomo (2017) Small-scale downdraft gasifiers for biomass gasification: A review, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 76, 989 – 1003.

Syamsiro, M., Saptoadi, H., Tambunan, B.H., and Pambudi, N.A. (2012) A preliminary study on use of cocoa pod husk as a renewable source of energy in Indonesia, Energy for Sustainable Development, 16, 74 – 77.

Titiloye, J.O., Bakar, M.S.A., Odetoye, T.E. (2013) Thermochemical characteri-zation of agricultural wastes from West Africa, Industrial Crops and Products, 47, 199 – 203.

Upadhyay, D.S., Sakhiya, A.K., Panchal, K., Patel, A.H., Patel, R.N. (2019) Effect of Equivalence Ratio on the Performance of the Downdraft Gasifier Approach, Energy, 168, 833 – 846.

Vásquez, Z. S., Neto, D.P., Pereira G.V.M., Vandenberghe, L.P.S., Oliviera, P.Z., Tiburcio, P.B., Rogez, H.L.G., Neto, A.G., and Soccol, C.R. (2019) Biotechnological approaches for cocoa waste management: A review, Waste Management, 90, 72 – 83.

Vidian, F. (2008) Gasifikasi Tempurung Kelapa Menggunakan Updraft Gasifier pada Beberapa Variasi Laju Alir Udara Pembakaran, Jurnal Teknik Mesin, 10(2), 88 – 93.

Vonk, G., Piriou, B., Felipe Dos Santos, P., Wolbert, D., Vaïtilingom, G. (2019) Comparative analysis of wood and solid recovered fuels gasification in a downdraft fixed bed reactor, Waste Management, 85, 106 – 120.

Yin, R., Liu, R., Wu, J., Wu, X., Sun, C., Wu., C. (2012) Influence of particle size on performance of a pilot-scale fixed-bed gasification system, Bioresource Technology, 119, 15 – 21.

Zhang, J., Ren, M., Li, X., Ge, Y., Gao, F., Chen, H., Hao, Q., and Ma, X., (2019) Syngas production by integrating CO2 partial gasification of pine sawdust and methane pyrolysis over the gasification residue, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 44(36), 19742 – 19754




DOI: https://doi.org/10.23955/rkl.v14i2.14160

Article Metrics

Abstract view : 0 times
PDF - 0 times

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2019 Sunu Herwi Pranolo, Joko Waluyo, Jenni Prasetiyo, Muhammad Ibrahim Hanif

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

JURNAL REKAYASA KIMIA & LINGKUNGAN

Jurusan Teknik Kimia Universitas Syiah Kuala, Jl. Tgk. Syech Abdur Rauf No.7, Kopelma Darussalam, Banda Aceh, INDONESIA

 

PRINCIPAL CONTACT

Nasrul Arahman, Prof. Dr. S.T., M.T.
Phone: +62813-6092-7917
E-mail: rkl@che.usk.ac.id, nasrular@usk.ac.id

 

SUPPORT CONTACT

Mirna Rahmah Lubis
E-mail: mirna@che.usk.ac.id
Wahyu Rinaldi, ST, M.Sc.
E-mail: wahyu.rinaldi@che.usk.ac.id

 

VISITORS