Distribution pattern of Pb and Zn contamination in rivers near industrial zone in Aceh, Indonesia, revealed by principal component analysis (PCA)

Lelifajri Lelifajri, Rahmadi Rahmadi, Rinaldi Idroes, Supriatno Supriatno, Eka Safitri, Nazaruddin Nazaruddin, Ilham Maulana, Khairi Suhud

Abstract


The research aims to evaluate the pollution of Pb and Zn in water, sediment, and Faunus ater samples collected from Krueng Balee (KB) and Kreung Reuleung (KR) Rivers, Aceh, Indonesia. The samples were collected at the upstream, midstream, and downstream of each river and analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). The distribution of Pb and Zn pollution was analyzed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Our investigation revealed that the presence of Pb and Zn is still safe for water and sediment samples. Nevertheless, Pb and Zn contamination found in F. ater samples had exceeded the national safety limit for food. PCA analysis revealed correlations between samples suggesting the roles of physical and chemical properties of the river in the pollutant retainment. The analysis also indicated the possible antagonism between Pb and Zn accumulation in F. ater which has never been reported previously. We suggest routine monitoring of Pb and Zn concentrations. The role of the surrounding industry in the Pb and Zn pollution should be further studied.

Keywords


Pollution; PCA; heavy metal; mollusk; bioindicator; accumulation

Full Text:

PDF

References


Agustina, R., Sarong, M., Yulianda, F., Suhendrayatna, S., & Dewi, E. (2019). Histological Damage at Gonad of Faunus ater (Gastropod Mollusk) Obtained from Heavy Metal Contaminated River. Journal of Ecological Engineering, 20(8), 114-119. doi:10.12911/22998993/110787

Baltas, H., Sirin, M., Dalgic, G., Bayrak, E. Y., & Akdeniz, A. (2017). Assessment of metal concentrations (Cu, Zn, and Pb) in seawater, sediment and biota samples in the coastal area of Eastern Black Sea, Turkey. Mar Pollut Bull, 122(1-2), 475-482. doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.06.059

Benson, N. U., Anake, W. U., Essien, J. P., Enyong, P., & Olajire, A. A. (2018). Distribution and risk assessment of trace metals in Leptodius exarata, surface water and sediments from Douglas Creek in the Qua Iboe Estuary. Journal of Taibah University for Science, 11(3), 434-449. doi:10.1016/j.jtusci.2016.08.004

Clesceri, L. S. (1998). Standard Methods for Examination of Water & Wastewater. . Retrieved from Washington DC:

Corrias, F., Atzei, A., Addis, P., Secci, M., Russo, M., & Angioni, A. (2020). Integrated environmental evaluation of heavy metals and metalloids bioaccumulation in invertebrates and seaweeds from different marine coastal areas of sardinia, mediterranean sea. Environ Pollut, 266(Pt 2), 115048. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115048

Custodio, M., Penaloza, R., Espinoza, C., Peralta-Ortiz, T., Ordinola-Zapata, A., Sanchez-Suarez, H., & Vieyra-Pena, E. (2020). Data on the concentration of heavy metals and metalloids in lotic water of the Mantaro river watershed and human risk assessment, Peru. Data Brief, 30, 105493. doi:10.1016/j.dib.2020.105493

Goretti, E., Pallottini, M., Rossi, R., La Porta, G., Gardi, T., Cenci Goga, B. T., . . . Cappelletti, D. (2020). Heavy metal bioaccumulation in honey bee matrix, an indicator to assess the contamination level in terrestrial environments. Environ Pollut, 256, 113388. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113388

He, Y., Zou, L., Luo, W., Yi, Z., Yang, P., Yu, S., . . . Huang, S. (2020). Heavy metal exposure, oxidative stress and semen quality: Exploring associations and mediation effects in reproductive-aged men. Chemosphere, 244, 125498. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125498

Huang, Y., Liu, J., Yang, L., Li, X., Hu, G., Wang, G., . . . Li, Z. (2021). Fate of Lead and Cadmium in Precalciner Cement Plants and Their Atmospheric Releases. ACS Omega. doi:10.1021/acsomega.1c01329

Iqhrammullah, M., Abdulmadjid, S. N., Suyanto, H., Rahmi, Marlina, & Kemala, P. (2021). A Review of Membrane-Facilitated Liquid-Solid Conversion: Adding Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) Multi-Applicability for Metal Analysis. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1951(1). doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1951/1/012044

Iqhrammullah, M., Suyanto, H., Rahmi, Pardede, M., Karnadi, I., Kurniawan, K. H., . . . Abdulmadjid, S. N. (2021). Cellulose acetate-polyurethane film adsorbent with analyte enrichment for in-situ detection and analysis of aqueous Pb using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS). Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring & Management, 16. doi:10.1016/j.enmm.2021.100516

Jafarzadeh, S., Fard, R. F., Ghorbani, E., Saghafipour, A., Moradi-Asl, E., & Ghafuri, Y. (2020). Potential risk assessment of heavy metals in the Aharchai River in northwestern Iran. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, 115, 102812. doi:10.1016/j.pce.2019.102812

Keser, G., Topak, Y., & Sevgiler, Y. (2020). Concentrations of some heavy metal and macroelements in sediment, water, macrophyte species, and leech (Hirudo sulukii n. sp.) from the Kara Lake, Adiyaman, Turkey. Environ Monit Assess, 192(2), 75. doi:10.1007/s10661-019-8035-6

Lee, P. K., Kang, M. J., Yu, S., Ko, K. S., Ha, K., Shin, S. C., & Park, J. H. (2017). Enrichment and geochemical mobility of heavy metals in bottom sediment of the Hoedong reservoir, Korea and their source apportionment. Chemosphere, 184, 74-85. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.05.124

Li, J., Miao, X., Hao, Y., Xie, Z., Zou, S., & Zhou, C. (2020). Health Risk Assessment of Metals (Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr, Cd, As, Hg, Se) in Angling Fish with Different Lengths Collected from Liuzhou, China. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 17(7). doi:10.3390/ijerph17072192

Li, Y., Zhou, S., Zhu, Q., Li, B., Wang, J., Wang, C., . . . Wu, S. (2018). One-century sedimentary record of heavy metal pollution in western Taihu Lake, China. Environ Pollut, 240, 709-716. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2018.05.006

Mariussen, E., Johnsen, I. V., & Stromseng, A. E. (2017). Distribution and mobility of lead (Pb), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and antimony (Sb) from ammunition residues on shooting ranges for small arms located on mires. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 24(11), 10182-10196. doi:10.1007/s11356-017-8647-8

Mohiuddin, K. M., Ogawa, Y., Zakir, H. M., Otomo, K., & Shikazono, N. (2011). Heavy metals contamination in water and sediments of an urban river in a developing country. International Journal of Environmental Science & Technology, 8(4), 723-736. doi:10.1007/bf03326257

Musielińska, R., Kowol, J., Kwapuliński, J., & Rochel, R. (2016). Antagonism between lead and zinc ions in plants. Archives of Environmental Protection, 42(2), 78-91. doi:10.1515/aep-2016-0022

Nouairi, J., Hajjaji, W., Costa, C. S., Senff, L., Patinha, C., Ferreira da Silva, E., . . . Medhioub, M. (2018). Study of Zn-Pb ore tailings and their potential in cement technology. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 139, 165-172. doi:10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2017.11.004

Ongh, G. H., Yap, C. K., Maziah, M., & Tan, S. G. (2013). Synergistic and Antagonistic Effects of Zinc Bioaccumulation with Lead and Antioxidant Activities in Centella asiatica. Sains Malaysiana, 42(11), 1549–1555.

Qiao, D., Wang, G., Li, X., Wang, S., & Zhao, Y. (2020). Pollution, sources and environmental risk assessment of heavy metals in the surface AMD water, sediments and surface soils around unexploited Rona Cu deposit, Tibet, China. Chemosphere, 248, 125988. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.125988

Radwan, M. A., El-Gendy, K. S., & Gad, A. F. (2020). Biomarker responses in terrestrial gastropods exposed to pollutants: A comprehensive review. Chemosphere, 257, 127218. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127218

Rahmi, Iqhrammullah, M., Audina, U., Husin, H., & Fathana, H. (2021). Adsorptive removal of Cd (II) using oil palm empty fruit bunch-based charcoal/chitosan-EDTA film composite. Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy, 21. doi:10.1016/j.scp.2021.100449

Rahmi, R., Lubis, S., Az-Zahra, N., Puspita, K., & Iqhrammullah, M. (2021). Synergetic photocatalytic and adsorptive removals of metanil yellow using TiO2/grass-derived cellulose/chitosan (TiO2/GC/CH) film composite. International Journal of Engineering, 34(8), 184-191. doi:10.5829/ije.2021.34.08b.03

Sari, W., Okavia, I. W., Ceriana, R., & Sunarti, S. (2016). Struktur Mikroskopis Hati Ikan Seurukan (Osteochilus vittatus) dari Sungai Krueng Sabee Kabupaten Aceh Jaya yang Tercemar Limbah Penggilingan Bijih Emas. BIOTIK: Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Teknologi dan Kependidikan 4(1), 33-40.

Song, B., Zhang, Y. X., Pang, R., Yang, Z. J., Bin, J., Zhou, Z. Y., & Chen, T. B. (2018). [Analysis of Characteristics and Sources of Heavy Metals in Farmland Soils in the Xijiang River Draining of Guangxi]. Huan Jing Ke Xue, 39(9), 4317-4326. doi:10.13227/j.hjkx.201712161

Sun, Y., Zhou, S., Pan, S.-Y., Zhu, S., Yu, Y., & Zheng, H. (2020). Performance evaluation and optimization of flocculation process for removing heavy metal. Chemical Engineering Journal, 385. doi:10.1016/j.cej.2019.123911

Supriatno, & Lelifajri. (2009). Analisis Logam Berat Pb dan Cd dalam Sampel Ikan dan Kerang secara Spektrofotometri Serapan Atom. Jurnal Rekayasa Kimia dan Lingkungan, 7(1), 5-8.

Thanh-Nho, N., Marchand, C., Strady, E., Huu-Phat, N., & Nhu-Trang, T.-T. (2019). Bioaccumulation of some trace elements in tropical mangrove plants and snails (Can Gio, Vietnam). Environmental Pollution, 248, 635-645. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.02.041

Vardhan, K. H., Kumar, P. S., & Panda, R. C. (2019). A review on heavy metal pollution, toxicity and remedial measures: Current trends and future perspectives. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 290. doi:10.1016/j.molliq.2019.111197

Viczek, S. A., Aldrian, A., Pomberger, R., & Sarc, R. (2020). Origins and carriers of Sb, As, Cd, Cl, Cr, Co, Pb, Hg, and Ni in mixed solid waste - A literature-based evaluation. Waste Manag, 103, 87-112. doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2019.12.009

Wahidah, S., Khairi, Lelifajri, Idroes, R., Rahmadi, Lala, A., . . . Japnur, A. F. (2019). Analysis of mercury and its distribution patterns in water and sediment samples from Krueng Sabee, Panga and Teunom rivers in Aceh Jaya. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 364. doi:10.1088/1755-1315/364/1/012016

Wei, Z., Van Le, Q., Peng, W., Yang, Y., Yang, H., Gu, H., . . . Sonne, C. (2021). A review on phytoremediation of contaminants in air, water and soil. J Hazard Mater, 403, 123658. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123658

Wong, K. W., Yap, C. K., Nulit, R., Hamzah, M. S., Chen, S. K., Cheng, W. H., . . . Al-Shami, S. A. (2017). Effects of anthropogenic activities on the heavy metal levels in the clams and sediments in a tropical river. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 24(1), 116-134. doi:10.1007/s11356-016-7951-z

Zhang, P., Hu, R., Zhu, L., Wang, P., Yin, D., & Zhang, L. (2017). Distributions and contamination assessment of heavy metals in the surface sediments of western Laizhou Bay: Implications for the sources and influencing factors. Mar Pollut Bull, 119(1), 429-438. doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.03.046

Zhang, Q., & Wang, C. (2020). Natural and Human Factors Affect the Distribution of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution: a Review. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 231(7). doi:10.1007/s11270-020-04728-2

Zhou, Q., Yang, N., Li, Y., Ren, B., Ding, X., Bian, H., & Yao, X. (2020). Total concentrations and sources of heavy metal pollution in global river and lake water bodies from 1972 to 2017. Global Ecology and Conservation, 22. doi:10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e00925




DOI: https://doi.org/10.23955/rkl.v17i1.22672

Article Metrics

Abstract view : 0 times
PDF - 0 times

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2022 Lelifajri Lelifajri, Rahmadi Rahmadi, Rinaldi Idroes, Supriatno Supriatno, Eka Safitri, Nazaruddin Nazaruddin, Ilham Maulana, Khairi Suhud

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

JURNAL REKAYASA KIMIA & LINGKUNGAN

Jurusan Teknik Kimia Universitas Syiah Kuala, Jl. Tgk. Syech Abdur Rauf No.7, Kopelma Darussalam, Banda Aceh, INDONESIA

 

PRINCIPAL CONTACT

Nasrul Arahman, Prof. Dr. S.T., M.T.
Phone: +62813-6092-7917
E-mail: rkl@che.usk.ac.id, nasrular@usk.ac.id

 

SUPPORT CONTACT

Mirna Rahmah Lubis
E-mail: mirna@che.usk.ac.id
Wahyu Rinaldi, ST, M.Sc.
E-mail: wahyu.rinaldi@che.usk.ac.id

 

VISITORS