The Values of Dark Heritage Post-disaster: A Study of Tsunami Cases in Banda Aceh
Abstract
The 2004 tsunami disaster that hit Banda Aceh, one city in Indonesia as the worst affected area, has left various relics that need to be considered for their preservation. Nevertheless, it is still a debate so far because heritage preservation refers to the ordinary heritage with positive values from dark heritage after a disaster. It is important to know the significance of values in preserving relics post-disaster as commemoration and learning. In literature, there is still a lack of research about dark heritage values because of natural disasters. The purpose of this research is to explore the community's dark heritage values in encouraging post-disaster area conservation planning. Thus, the purpose of this research is to reveal and explain post-disaster area planning through the approach of dark heritage values. This research was conducted from December 2019 to April 2020 in the post-tsunami area of Banda Aceh as the most affected area with in-depth interviews with 36 informants from the local community, survivors, tourists, experts, and government to know their values. This study uses an interpretative approach because it seeks to construct the existence of dark heritage values in people's perception of seeing a post-disaster area as a heritage. The study results provide new insights that understanding a historic area is not always seen from values with a positive side. Still, dark side values also become a reference that needs to be considered to be preserved for the area's sustainability. The results showed that communities have memory, symbolic, narrative, religious, and scientific values in the post-disaster landscape.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Allar. (2013). Holocaust tourism in a post-holocaust Europe: Anne Frank and Auschwitz. In L. White, & E. Frew (Eds.), Dark tourism and place identity: Managing and interpreting dark places. London Routledge, 189-201
Biran, A., Poria, Y., & Oren, G. (2011). Sought experiences at (dark) heritage sites. Annals of tourism research, 38(3), 820-841.
Byrne. (2009). A critique of unfeeling heritage. In L. Smith dan Akagawa (Eds.), Intangible Heritage. London and New York: Routledge.
Chen, S., & Xu, H. (2017). From Fighting Against Death to Commemorating The Dead at Tangshan Earthquake Heritage Sites. Journal of Tourism and Cultural Change. Vol 16, 2018- Issue 5. https://doi.org/10.1080/14766825.2017.1359281.
Daly, P., & Rahmayati, Y. (2012). Cultural heritage and community recovery in post-tsunami Aceh. From the Ground Up: Perspectives on Post-Tsunami and Post-Conflict Aceh. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 57-78.
Demas, M. (2002). Planning for conservation and management of archaeological sites. In Management planning for archaeological sites. Proceedings (pp. p-27).
Dewi, C. (2017). Rethinking architectural heritage conservation in post-disaster context. International Journal of Heritage Studies, 23(6), 587-600.
Dewi, C., & Rauzi, E. N. (2018). Architectural heritage in post-disaster society: a tool for resilience in Banda Aceh after the 2004 tsunami disaster. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering (Vol. 352, No. 1, p. 012063). IOP Publishing.
Fredheim, L. H., & Khalaf, M. (2016). The significance of values: heritage value typologies re-examined. International Journal of Heritage Studies, 22(6), 466-481.
Gamboni. (1997). The Destruction of Art: Iconoclasm and Vandalism since the French Revolution. London, Reaktion Books.
Giblin. (2013). Post-conflict heritage: symbolic healing and cultural renewal. International Journal of Heritage Studies. DOI: 10.1080/13527258.2013.772912
Good, M. (2016). Shaping Japan’s disaster heritage. The creation of new monuments and the preservation of ruins in the aftermath of the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami. Reconsidering Cultural Heritage in East Asia, 1-23.
Harrison. (2015). Beyond natural and cultural heritage: towards an ontological politics of heritage in the age of the anthropocene. Heritage and Society 8 (1) 24–42. Doi:10.1179/2159032X15Z.00000000036.
Holtorf. (2015). Averting loss aversion in cultural heritage. International Journal of Heritage Studies 21 (4) 405–421, doi:10.1080/13527258.2014.938766.
Jokilehto, J. (1999). A History of Architectural Conservation. Oxford: Butterworth Heinemann.
Kenny, S. (2010). Reconstruction through Participatory Practice? In M. Clarke, I. Fanany & S. Kenny (Eds.), Post‐Disaster Reconstruction: Lessons Learn from Aceh. London: Earthscan, Ltd.
Lemura, Hirokazu M., & Pradono, M. H. (2007). Tsunami Height Memorial Poles in Banda Aceh for Disaster Prevention and Education. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Engineering Lessons Learned from the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake, March 1–4, 2012, Tokyo, Japan, 1605–1616. Tokyo: Japan Association for Earthquake Engineers.
Logan, W., & Reeves, K. (2009). Places of pain and shame: Dealing with ‘difficult heritage’. London: Routledge.
McClelland, A., Peel, D., Hayes, C. M., & Montgomery, I. (2013). A values-based approach to heritage planning: raising awareness of the dark side of destruction and conservation. Town Planning Review, 84(5), 583-605.
Magee, R., & Gilmore, A. (2015). Heritage site management: from dark tourism to transformative service experience?. The Service Industries Journal, 35(15-16), 898-917.
Mason, R. (2002). Assessing values in conservation planning: methodological issues and choices. Assessing the values of cultural heritage, 5-30. Los Angeles, CA: Getty Conservation Institute.
Mason, R. (2006). Theoretical and pratical arguments for values-centered preservation. CRM: the journal of heritage stewardship, 3(2), 21-48.
Martokusumo, W., & Zulkaidi, D. (2015). Some notes on area-based conservation: Lesson learned from Bandung. International Journal of Built Environment and Sustainability, 2(2).
Meskell, L. (2002). The intersections of identity and politics in archaeology. Annual review of anthropology, 31(1), 279-301.
Meutia, Z. D., Rosyidie, A., Zulkaidi, D., & Maryati, S. (2020). The Role of Heritage Planning in Dark Sites Case Study: Tsunami Sites in Banda Aceh. International Journal of Education, Language, and Religion, 2(2). DOI: https://doi.org/10.35308/ijelr.v2i2.2492.
Meutia, Z. D., Akbar, R., & Zulkaidi, D. (2018, May). Heritage planning and rethinking the meaning and values of designating heritage sites in a post-disaster context: The case of Aceh, Indonesia. In IOP conference series: earth and environmental science (Vol. 158, No. 1, p. 012039). IOP Publishing.
Neuman, W. L. (2013). Social Research Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches. Pearson Education Limited.
Rico, T. (2014). The limits of a ‘heritage at risk framework: the construction of post-disaster cultural heritage in Banda Aceh, Indonesia. Journal of Social Archaeology, 14(2), 157-176.
Smith. (2006). Uses of Heritage. Abingdon: Routledge. (2006).
Samuels, A. (2019). After the Tsunami: Disaster Narratives and the Remaking of Everyday Life in Aceh. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press.
Stone, P., R. (2012). Dark tourism and significant other death: towards a model of mortality mediation. Annals of Tourism Research. 39(3), 1565–1587.
Stephenson. (2008). The cultural values model: An integrated approach to values in landscapes. Landscape and Urban Planning. 84 (2)127–139.
Taylor. (2009). Cultural landscapes and Asia: International and South-¬‐east Asian Regional Values. Landscape Research, 34 (1) 7-31.
Thomas, S., Seitsonen, O., & Herva, V.-P. (2019). Dark Heritage. Journal Archaeology, 41(3), 331e343.
Undang-¬‐Undang Republik Indonesia No.10 Tahun 2011 Tentang Benda Cagar Budaya
UNESCO. (2003). The Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage.
Van der Aa, B. J. M. (2005). Preserving the heritage of humanity? Obtaining world heritage status and the impacts of listing. Unpublished thesis. University of Groningen.
Wight, J. J. & Lennon. (2007). Selective interpretation and eclectic human heritage in Lithania. Tourism Management, 28 (2) 519-529.
Wertsch. (2008). Collective memory and narrative templates, Social Research. 75 (1), 133-¬‐156.
World Bank, (2018). Investing in Opportunity. The World Bank Annual Report 2018.
Yin, R. K. (2009). Case Study Research: Design and Methods. SAGE Publications.
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.