Kajian beberapa karakteristik siklon tropis (kasus topan Choi-wan dan Nida di lautan Pasifik Utara bagian barat)

Putri Asrianti, Ahmad Bey, Yopi Ilhamsyah

Abstract


Abstract. The objective of the research is to analyze the frequency of Tropical Cyclone between 2007-2011 and to analyze Typhoon Choi-wan and Typhoon Nida. Geographical location of the research is between 30-195E, 15-180W dan 60-60N.  Tropical cyclone is a cyclonic originates from tropical oceans and is driven principally by heat transfer from the ocean. Tropical region is an area that receives more intensive solar radiation, so that sea surface temperature is relatively higher then in the pole. High sea surface temperature drive then a low pressure to form which can lead to tropical cyclone that begins with a tropical disturbance and tropical depression, tropical storms and then tropical cyclones. Frequencies of Tropical cyclone occurrences over northern hemisphere are 320 events which are higher than frequencies of tropical cyclone over southern hemisphere, i.e., 132 occasions. Tropical cyclones are analogues to Carnot heat engines. The size of the energy can be expressed as the total entropy s per unit of air mass and its mechanical energy. Carnot cycle is a closed process. During the cycle entropy is produce near sea level where the sea surface temperature is warm and it will be loss near the top of the clouds where the temperature is cold. Carnot cycle in tropical cyclones can produce mechanical energy. Typhoon Choi-wan and Nida produced mechanical energy of 14790.72 J/kg and 13297.28 J/kg, respectively.

Keywords : Carnot cycle; Mechanical energy; Tropical cyclone

Abstrak. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis frekuensi kejadian siklon tropis antara tahun 2007-2011 dan menganalisis Topan Choi-wan dan Topan Nida. Domain geografi pada penelitian ini yaitu 30-195˚BT, 15-180˚BB dan 60-60˚LU. Siklon tropis adalah gerakan siklonik yang berasal dari lautan tropik dan digerakkan oleh transfer panas dari lautan. Daerah tropika merupakan daerah yang lebih intensif menerima radiasi matahari, sehingga suhu permukaan laut di daerah tropika lebih tinggi daripada di daerah kutub. Ketika suhu permukaan laut tinggi maka terbentuk pusat tekanan rendah yang dapat memicu terjadinya siklon tropis yang dimulai dengan gangguan tropis lalu depresi tropis, badai tropis selanjutnya terjadi siklon tropis. Frekuensi kejadian siklon tropis di BBU adalah 320 kejadian lebih besar daripada frekuensi kejadian siklon tropis di BBS yaitu 132 siklon tropis. Siklon tropis dianalogikan sebagai mesin Carnot. Ukuran dari energi dapat dihitung melalui total entropi s per unit masa udara dan energi mekanik dari siklon tersebut. Siklus Carnot merupakan proses tertutup. Selama siklus tersebut berlangsung entropi diperoleh dekat permukaan laut dengan suhu yang hangat, dan entropi dapat hilang di dekat awan bagian atas karena suhu awan semakin dingin. Siklus Carnot pada siklon tropis dapat menghasilkan energi mekanik. Energi mekanik siklon tropis Choi-wan yaitu 14790,72 J/kg dan siklon tropis Nida yaitu 13297,28 J/kg.

Kata kunci : Siklus Carnot; Energi mekanik; Siklon tropis            


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.13170/depik.2.3.974

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PUBLISHER ADDRESS:

Faculty of Marine and Fisheries
Universitas Syiah Kuala
Jalan Meureubo No. 1, Kopelma Darussalam
Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia

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