PUNISHMENTS FOR HOMOSEXUALS IN INDONESIAN CRIMINAL POLICY PERSPECTIVE
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the crime of homosexuals (liwat) in the Qanun Jinayat which has been enforced in Aceh, one of the provinces in Indonesia, since 2015, especially regarding the formulation of the punishment. This topic needs to be studied considering that homosexuality in Aceh is seen as a crime that must be punished, some experts see it as a disease that needs to be cured. Therefore, the assessment needs to be linked to the purpose of punishment which is closely related to the type of crime and the method of implementation. The research was conducted using a normative juridical approach, by examining the provisions of punishment in the Qanun Jinayat which were seen from the principles and theories of the purpose of punishment and sentencing policies. The results of the study indicate that the sentencing provisions in the Qanun Jinayat are not yet integrative, so that the purpose of the sentencing has not been fully achieved. However, in several respects, the Qanun has led to both punishment and action. It is still necessary to set norms and completeness of facilities. The position of the Qanun Jinayat, especially the regulation of homosexuals, can be a pioneer in reforming criminal law in Indonesia.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Reference
Abubakar, A. (2015). Reconstruction of the position of repentance in Islamic criminal law. Madania Journal of Islamic Studies , 19 (1). https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.29300/madania.v19i1.27
Abubakar, A., & Lubis, Z. (2019). Aceh's jinayat law (I). Prenada Media Group.
Abubakar, AY (2016). Istislahiah method: The use of science in ushul fiqh (I). date.
Al-ʻAwwā, MS (1983). Fī uṣūl al-niẓām al-jinā'ī al-islāmi (I). Dar al-Ma'arif.
Andrews, D., & Bonta, J. (2010). Rehabilitating criminal justice policy and practice. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law , 16 (1), 39–55. https://doi.apa.org/doi/10.1037/a0018362
Annisa, O., & Indrawadi, J. (2020). The role of the government in tackling LGBT in Payakumbuh. Journal of Civic Education , 3 (1), 110–118. https://doi.org/10.24036/jce.v3i1.341
Apparicio, D. (2008). Changing the world of offender development and rehabilitation. Industrial and Commercial Training , 40 (4), 211–215. https://doi.org/10.1108/00197850810876262
Arief, BN (1996). Legislative Policy with Imprisonment . Diponegoro University Publishing Agency.
Arief, BN (2003). Capita selecta criminal law . Image of Aditya Bakti.
Arief, BN (2008). An anthology of criminal law policies (development of the drafting of the new Criminal Code) . Kencana Prenada Media Group.
Arief, BN (2010). Interest Collection on Criminal Law Policy . date.
Arimoro, AE (2021). Interrogating the criminalization of same-sex sexual activity: A study of Commonwealth Africa. Liverpool Law Review , 42 (3), 379–399. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10991-021-09280-5
Asyari, F. (2017). LGBT and Indonesian positive law. Journal of Legality , 2 (2), 57–65. http://ejurnal.untag-smd.ac.id/index.php/LG/article/view/3385
Bearak, M., & Cameron, D. (2016). Here are the 10 countries where homosexuality may be punished by death. The Washington Post . https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2016/06/13/here-are-the-10-countries-where-homosexuality-may-be-punished-by-death-2/
Bhala, N. (2019). Uganda plans bill imposing death penalty for gay sex . Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-uganda-lgbt-rights-idUSKBN1WP1GN
Braun, HM, Ramirez, D., Zahner, GJ, Gillis-buck, EM, & Sheriff, H. (2017). The LGBTQI health forum : an innovative interprofessional initiative to support curriculum reform. Medical Education Online , 22 (1). https://doi.org/10.1080/10872981.2017.1306419
Brewer, PR (2003). The shifting foundations of public opinion about gay rights . 65 (4), 1208–1220.
Britannica. (2021). Homosexual. In Britannica . Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/homosexuality
Campbell, DE, & Monson, JQ (2008). The religion card gay marriage and the 2004 presidential election . 0 (0), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1093/poq/nfn032
CNN. (2020, November 14). An LGBT couple was raided by Acehnese, threatened with 100 lashes. CNN Indonesia . https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20201114152026-12-569773/pairs-lgbt-digerebek-warga-aceh-terancam-100-kali-whip
CNN. (2021, January 28). A gay couple in Aceh were lashed 77 times by 3 executioners. CNN Indonesia . https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20210128142349-12-599530/pairs-gay-di-aceh-diuntung-lash-77-kali-oleh-3-algojo.
Conrad, P., & Angell, A. (2004). Homosexuality and remedicalization . August , 32–39.
Dancig-Rosenberg, H., & Dagan, N. (2019). Retributarianism: A new individualization of punishment. Criminal Law and Philosophy , 13 (1), 129–147. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11572-018-9460-2
Deutsch, MB, & Deutsch, MB (2012). Use of the informed consent model in the provision of cross-sex hormone therapy : A survey of the practices of selected clinics . 2739 (May). https://doi.org/10.1080/15532739.2011.675233
Dewi, E., Law, F., Lampung, U., Prasetyawati, SE, Law, F., Lampung, UB, Monica, DR, Law, F., Lampung, U., Siswanto, H., Law, F ., & Lampung, U. (2021). Implementation of double track system in the juvenile-crime jurisdiction process . 24 (7), 1–8.
Din, M. (2015). Aceh qanun criminal policy in the prescriptive criminal law policy. Qanun Journal of Legal Studies , 17 (67), 555–583. http://jurnal.unsyiah.ac.id/kanun/article/view/6087
Dinh, TM, & Nguyen, DL (2020). Criminal law policy on environmental crimes in the context of sustainable development in . 14004 .
Fajrin, YA, Triwijaya, AF, & Ma'ruf, MA (2020). Double track system for criminals against homosexuality background (ideas in criminal law reform). The Rule of Law: Building Laws For Justice And Welfare , 11 (2), 167–190.
Firdaus, A., & Pakpahan, RH (2020). Criminal law policy as an effort to overcome COVID-19 emergencies . 50 .
Gaines, NS, & Garand, JC (2010). Morality, equality, or locality: Analyzing the determinants of support for same-sex marriage . https://doi.org/10.1177/1065912909333132
Giovanna, S., & J., . Kelly Strader. (2012). Queer (in) justice: Mapping new gay (scholarly) agendas. Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology , 102 (1). https://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/jclc/vol102/iss1/5/
Harahap, RD (2016). LGBT in Indonesia: Perspectives on Islamic law, human rights, psychology and the maṣlaḥah approach. Al-Ahkam , 26 (2), 223. https://doi.org/10.21580/ahkam.2016.26.2.991
Hasnita, E., Nurhayati, SN, Octavianis, M, S., Zuraida, & Murni, D. (2020). Analysis of LGBT factors in religion, law, health, psychology and community perspectives in Bukittinggi. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH , 12 (4). https://doi.org/10.31838/ijpr/2020.12.04.362
Hayati, V. (2019). LGBT in the perspective of positive law and Islamic law (a critical study of the development of LGBT in Aceh). Journal of Law , 14 , 290–301.
Hiariej, E. (2016). The principles of criminal law . Atma Light Library.
Huberman, M. and. (1992). Qualitative data analysis . University of Indonesia.
Ichwan, MN (2021). Forbidden visibility: Queer activism, shari`a sphere, and politics of sexuality in Aceh. Islamic Studies , 283 – 318 . http://journal.uinjkt.ac.id/index.php/studia-islamika/article/view/15030/9294
Jamaludin, A. (2021). Chemical castration as a sanction in the double track system . 15 (2), 63–80. https://doi.org/10.15575/adliya.v15i2.13910
Johnson, T. (2012). Equality, morality, and the impact of media framing: Explaining opposition to same-sex marriage and civil unions . 40 (6), 1053–1080. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2007.00092.x/abstract
Juliani, R. (2018). Foreign media coverage of the gay caning law in Aceh. SOURCE: Journal of Communication Studies , 3 (2), 209–220. https://doi.org/10.35308/source.v3i2.653
Kemala, P. (2017). The role of wilayatul hisbah in preventing lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) in Banda Aceh. Al-Idara Journal of Islamic Management and Administration , 1 (2), 261–278. https://www.researchgate.net/journal/Al-Idarah-Jurnal-Management-dan-Administrasi-Islam-2549-4961
Khairani, A. (2019). Counselors' views on homosexuals. Ta'dibuna: Journal of Islamic Education , 8 (1), 79. https://doi.org/10.32832/tadibuna.v8i1.1357
Kim, SW (2013). Criminal law policies in an effort to enforce environmental law. Journal of Legal Dynamics , 13 (3), 415–427. http://dinamika Hukum.fh.unsoed.ac.id/index.php/JDH/article/viewFile/247/238
Knight, C., & Wilson, K. (2016). Lesbian, gay, bisexual and trans people (LGBT) and the criminal justice system (I). Macmillan Publisher. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-49-698-0
Loftus, J. (2015). America's liberalization attitudes toward homosexuality, 1973 to 1998 . 66 (5), 762–782.
Lowe, BN (2017). Punishment without purpose: The retributive and utilitarian failures of the child pornography nonproduction sentencing guidelines. Cleveland State Law Review , 65 (2), 231–258.
Mansur, S. (2017). Homosexuality in the perspective of religions in Indonesia. Aqlania , 08 (01), 21–60. https://media.neliti.com/media/publications/273117-homosexual-dalam-perspektif-agama-agama-47cbb336.pdf
Martos, AJ, Wilson, PA, & Meyer, IH (2017). ( LGBT ) health services in the United States : Origins , evolution , and contemporary landscape . 1–18.
Medeiros, ED De, Araújo, LF De, Victor, J., & Santos, DO (2019). Attitudes towards lesbian, gay , bisexual and transgender old age scale (EAFV – LGBT ): Elaboration and psychometric evidence . July . https://doi.org/10.1017/sjp.2019.14
Mulyadi, L. (2008). An anthology of criminal law theoretical and practical perspectives . Alumni.
Mulyadi, M. (2008). Criminal policy: An integrated approach to penal policy and non-penal policy in overcoming violent crimes . National Press Library.
Munawar, S. (2019). Criminal law enforcement policies against gambling crimes. Journal of Legal Studies and Research Widya Pranata Hukum , 2 (1), 1–18. https://ejournal.widyamataram.ac.id/index.php/pranata/article/view/253
Ndeunyema, N. (2019). Reforming the purposes of sending to affirm African values in Namibia. Journal of African Law , 63 (3), 329–357. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021855319000275
NH, A., Gunarto, & Hafizh, J. (2017). Double track system on drug abuse case study in City of Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia. International Journal of Economic Research , 14 (15), 285–292. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/321704842_Double_track_system_on_drug_abuse_case_study_in_City_of_Semarang_Central_Java_Indonesia
Nuryanto, C. (2018). Reconstruction of criminal sanctions policy and action (double track system) in law enforcement for narcotic crime prevention. Journal of Legal Reform , V (3). https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.26532/jph.v5i3.3756
Persak, N. (2019). Beyond public punitiveness: The role of emotions in criminal law policy. International Journal of Law Crime and Justice. , 57 (October 2018), 47–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlcj.2019.02.001
Praseyto, T. (2011). Criminalization in criminal law . Nusamedia.
Editor, T. (2013). Big Indonesian Dictionary (IV). Main Library Gramedia.
Remmelink, J. (2003). Criminal law (I). Main Library Gramedia.
Rick, L., Julie, H., & Giada, G. (2022). Treatment in liberty' human rights and compulsory detention for drug use. Human Rights Law Review , 22 (1). https://doi.org/10.1093/hrlr/ngab022
Santoso, T. (2020). Criminal law an introduction . PT Rajagrapindo Persada.
Sarbini, F., & Bintang P. Has, MWT (2019). Depok and its efforts to criminalize the LGBT community. Australian Journal of Human Rights , 25 (3), 520–526. https://doi.org/10.1080/1323238X.2019.1708084
Setyowati, S. (2021). The effectiveness of the double track system or single track system for corruption in Indonesia . 4 (2), 203–212. http://openjournal.unpam.ac.id/index.php/rjih/article/viewFile/16151/8543
Shihab, MQ (2011). Tafsir al Mishbah: Message, impression, and harmony of the Koran (VIII). Heart Lantern.
Sinaga, MN, Law, F., & Simalungun, U. (2018). The basic idea of a double track system: Criminal sanctions and actions as punishment for perpetrators of drug abuse crimes. Journal of Humanities Social Education Research , 3 (1), 337–345. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.32696/jp2sh.v3i1.97
Snacken, S. (2021). Human dignity and prisoners' rights in Europe crime and justice. The University of Chicago Press Journal , 50 (1), 301–351. https://doi.org/10.1086/715910
Soedarto. (2006). Capita selecta criminal law . Alumni.
Soekanto, S., Liklikkuwata, H., & Kusumah, MW (1981). Criminology: An introduction . Indonesian Ghalia.
Syam, HM, Anisah, N., Saleh, R., & Lingga, MA (2021). Ideology and media framing: Stigmatization of LGBT in media coverage in Indonesia. Journal of Communication: Malaysian Journal of Communication , 37 (1), 59–73. https://doi.org/10.17576/JKMJC-2021-3701-04
Tabiri, MO (2019). Same-sex marriage: Secular and religious views . 3 (1), 4–10.
Tongat, T., Prasetyo, SN, Aunuh, N., & Fajrin, YA (2020). The law that lives in society in the renewal of the national criminal law. Journal of the Constitution , 17 (1), 157. https://doi.org/10.31078/jk1717
Tony, M. (2006). Purposes and functions of sentencing. Crime and Justice , 34 , 1–53. https://doi.org/10.1086/503374
Utama, AAP, & Suyanto, H. (2021). Implementation of double track system conviction toward special expertise crime. IUS Poenale , 2 (1–20). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.25041/ip.v2i1.2152
Vilks, A., & Kipane, A. (2018). Cognitive aspects of criminal justice policy. Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics , 9 (5). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.14505//jarle.v9.5(35).35
Walker, JA, & Prince, T. (nd). Training considerations and suggested interventions for LGBT individuals . November 2014 , 37–41. https://doi.org/10.1080/15538600903552756
Wikipedia. (2021). Homosexual. In Wikipedia the Free Encyclopedia . Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homosexuality
Wirya, A. (2015). The criminal policy formulation at law enforcement. IUS Study of Law and Justice , 3 (7), 19–41. https://jurnalius.ac.id/ojs/index.php/jurnalIUS/article/view/197/171
Yoserwan, Danil, E., Warman, K., & Yulfasni. (2019). The implementation of the ultimum remedium principle in economic criminal law of Indonesia. Journal of Legal, Ethical and Regulatory Issues , 22 (2), 1–5.
Yuhermansyah, E., & Fariza, Z. (2017). The death penalty in the corruption law (a study of the theory of zawajir and responsibility). LEGITIMACY: Journal of Criminal Law and Political Law , 6 (1). https://doi.org/10.22373/legitimasi.v6i1.1848
Yuliasri, NLT (2019). The position of khuntsa heirs in Islamic inheritance law. Pulpit of Justice , 14 , 208–219.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24815/kanun.v25i2.32340
Article Metrics
Abstract view : 0 timesPDF - 0 times
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
