EFEKTIVITAS JALUR EVAKUASI BENCANA GEMPA DAN TSUNAMI DI KABUPATEN ACEH BARAT BERDASARKAN PERSEPSI MASYARAKAT

Abstract

Abstract: In the city of Meulaboh, Aceh Barat Regency, there are a total of 12 tsunami disaster evacuation routes, with 7 evacuation routes in Johan Pahlawan District and 5 in Meureubo District. Several road segments serving as evacuation routes are located in the city center, often experiencing traffic congestion due to the high volume of public movement. To address this issue, research is needed to measure the community's satisfaction with the evacuation services to determine their effectiveness. Data collection will involve distributing questionnaires. The satisfaction variables assessed include tangible evidence (tangibility), reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy. In Johan Pahlawan District, the tangibility variable indicates that the majority of the community agrees with the physical condition of the evacuation routes. However, concerns arise regarding side obstacles, intersections, and traffic lights, with approximately 51.6% of respondents expressing disagreement. The reliability variable shows a high level of agreement regarding the stability of the evacuation routes, while the responsiveness variable indicates that most residents disagree with their understanding of evacuation maps, the scarcity of evacuation signs, and the lack of information about temporary evacuation buildings. Although the assurance variable receives high approval, the empathy variable reflects a lack of trust in the government's role in publicizing evacuation routes. In Meureubo District, the tangibility variable demonstrates a positive assessment of 67.95%, indicating that the physical condition of the evacuation routes is considered adequate. Regarding reliability, 64.6% of the community has high confidence in the stability of the evacuation routes. However, the responsiveness variable, with an average of 46.73%, reveals that most residents have not seen evacuation maps, there is a shortage of evacuation signs, and there is insufficient information from the government about temporary evacuation buildings.

Keywords : Evacuation Routes; Community Perception; Service Effectiveness

Abstrak: Terdapat 12 jalur evakuasi bencana tsunami pada Kota Meulaboh Kabupaten Aceh Barat, di mana 7 jalur evakuasi Kecamatan Johan Pahlawan dan 5 Jalur Evakuasi Kecamatan Meureubo. Beberapa ruas jalan yang menjadi jalur evakuasi berada di pusat kota, sering terjadi kemacetan lalu lintas yang disebabkan oleh besarnya volume pergerakan masyarakat. Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut perlu dilakukannya penelitian untuk mengukur tingkat kepuasan masyarakat terhadap pelayanan jalur apakah sudah efektif atau tidak. Pengumpulan data dengan pembagian kuesioner. Adapun variabel penilaian kepuasan masyarakat terhadap jalur evakuasi adalah bukti fisik (tangibility), Kehandalan (reliability), ketanggapan (responsiveness), jaminan (assurance) dan empati (empathy). Pada kecamatan Johan Pahlawan variabel bukti fisik (tangibility) menunjukkan sebagian besar masyarakat setuju terhadap kondisi fisik jalur evakuasi. Namun, terdapat kekhawatiran terkait hambatan samping, simpangan, dan lampu merah yang dapat menghambat proses evakuasi sekitar 51,6% responden menyatakan ketidaksetujuan. Variabel kehandalan (reliability) tingkat persetujuan tinggi terhadap mantapan jalur evakuasi, variabel daya tanggap (responsibility) menunjukkan sebagian besar masyarakat kurang setuju terkait pemahaman terhadap peta evakuasi, minimnya rambu-rambu evakuasi, dan kurangnya informasi mengenai gedung evakuasi sementara. Meskipun variabel jaminan (assurance) mendapat tingkat persetujuan yang tinggi, variabel empati (empathy) mencerminkan kurangnya kepercayaan pada peran pemerintah dalam sosialisasi jalur evakuasi. Sedangkan kecamatan meureubo variabel bukti fisik (tangibility) menunjukkan penilaian positif 67,95%, menandakan bahwa kondisi fisik jalur evakuasi dianggap memadai. Pada variabel kehandalan (reliability) 64,6%, masyarakat memiliki keyakinan tinggi terhadap kemantapan jalur evakuasi. Namun, pada variabel daya tanggap (responsibility) dengan rata-rata 46,73%, ditemukan bahwa sebagian besar masyarakat belum melihat peta evakuasi, rambu-rambu evakuasi masih kurang, dan kurangnya informasi dari pemerintah mengenai gedung evakuasi sementara.

Kata kunci : Jalur Evakuasi; Persepsi Masyarakat; Efektivitas Pelayanan