Kandungan Mikrobiologis Litter Broiler pada Lama Fermentasi yang Berbeda

Abstract

ABSTRACT. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengkaji pengaruh lama fermentasi yang berbeda terhadap bakteri asam laktat, bakteri gram positif/negatif, Salmonella dan Escherichia coli litter broiler. Materi penelitian adalah litter broiler 1 kg, mineral mix, starter mix culture, garam, urea, molases masing-masing 60 gram, NaCl fisiologis 0,85%, alkohol 96%, media MRS, SSA, EMBA, aquades, kristal violet, iodine, dan safranin. Rancangan penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan, dengan perlakuan litter broiler lama fermentasi yang berbeda T0 (0 hari), T1 (21 hari), T2 (42 hari) dan T3 (63 hari). Parameter penelitian yaitu total bakteri asam laktat (BAL), bakteri gram positif dan negatif, Salmonella, dan Escherichia coli (E. coli). Analisis data menggunakan uji ANOVA, dan jika terdapat perbedaan dilanjutkan dengan uji DMRT, dengan taraf signifikasi 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa lama fermentasi yang berbeda memengaruhi total bakteri asam laktat (BAL) litter broiler fermentasi. Semakin lama durasi fermentasi, semakin tinggi total BAL litter broiler. Lama fermentasi yang berbeda tidak memengaruhi skor bakteri gram positif dan negatif litter broiler. Bakteri yang tumbuh pada litter broiler fermentasi berasal dari famili Staphylococcaceae (13,95%), Bacillaceae (32,57%), Streptococcaceae (23,26%), Saccharomycetaceae (6,98%), dan Pseudomonadaceae (23,26%). Bakteri gram positif litter broiler fermentasi berbentuk batang, tidak berspora, soliter, duplococcus, sedangkan bakteri gram negatif berbentuk batang dan soliter. Tidak ditemukan bakteri Salmonella sp. dan E. coli pada litter broiler fermentasi. Lama fermentasi yang berbeda mampu meningkatkan kualitas litter broiler, ditinjau dari total BAL. Litter broiler fermentasi berpotensi dijadikan sebagai alternatif bahan pakan, mengandung 1–3 gram positif dan 0 - 1 gram negatif, serta tidak ditemukan bakteri Salmonella sp. dan E. coli. Perlakuan yang direkomendasikan yaitu litter broiler dengan lama fermentasi 42 hari, dengan jumlah bakteri asam laktat sebanyak 2,4 log CFU/g. 

(Microbiological content of broiler litter at different times fermentation) 

ABSTRAK. The aim of the study was to examine the effect of different fermentation times on lactic acid bacteria, gram positive/negative bacteria, Salmonella and Escherichia coli litter broilers. The research material is broiler litter 1 kg, mineral mix, starter mix culture, salt, urea, molasses 60 grams each, 0.85% physiological NaCl, 96% alcohol, MRS media, SSA, EMBA, aquades, crystal violet, iodine , and safranin. The study design used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 4 replications, with broiler litter treatments with different fermentation times T0 (0 days), T1 (21 days), T2 (42 days) and T3 (63 days). The research parameters were total lactic acid bacteria (LAB), gram positive and negative bacteria, Salmonella, and Escherichia coli (E. coli). Data analysis used the ANOVA test, and if there were differences, it was continued with the DMRT test, with a significance level of 5%. The results showed that different fermentation time affected the total lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in fermented broiler litter. The longer the duration of fermentation, the higher the total LAB of broiler litter. Different fermentation time did not affect the score of gram positive and negative bacteria in broiler litter. The bacteria growing in fermented broiler litter came from the family Staphylococcaceae (13.95%), Bacillaceae (32.57%), Streptococcaceae (23.26%), Saccharomycetaceae (6.98%), and Pseudomonadaceae (23.26%). Gram-positive bacteria fermented broiler litter are rod-shaped, non-sporing, solitary, duplococcus, while gram-negative bacteria are rod-shaped and solitary. No bacteria Salmonella sp and E. coli were found in fermented broiler litter. Different fermentation time can improve broiler litter quality, in terms of total LAB. Fermented broiler litter has the potential to be used as an alternative feed ingredient, containing 1-3 grams positive and 0-1 gram negative, and no Salmonella sp. and E. coli. The recommended treatment is broiler litter with a fermentation time of 42 days, with the number of lactic acid bacteria as much as 2.4 log CFU/g.